Irrigation in the Northeast of Thailand in the Context of Regional - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Irrigation in the Northeast of Thailand in the Context of Regional Thailand in the Context of Regional Development Buapun Promphakping Research Group on Wellbeing and Sustainable Development Research Group on Wellbeing and Sustainable Development (WeSD) KK university Thailand

General Information General Information • Mekong the 12 th largest River Mekong, the 12 largest River – 250 population – 1850 sq.km. 45 percent is forest, and 25 percent is 1850 sq km 45 percent is forest and 25 percent is agricultural land • The end of war in the region turning the • The end of war in the region, turning the battle field into trading field. • The transition economy: the reborn of MRC Th i i h b f MRC and the birth of GMS in 1990s.

Average annual growth rates of per capita GDP, 1960 to 2003 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% 3 0% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0 5% 0.5% 0.0% Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam

Trends in share of agriculture in GDP, 1960 to 2003 g 60 50 50 40 of GDP Percent o 30 20 10 0 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 0 0 2 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Thailand

Trends in share of agriculture in GDP, 1960 to 2003 g 70 60 50 of GDP 40 Percent 30 20 10 0 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 0 0 2 2 4 4 6 6 8 8 0 0 2 2 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Vietnam

Urbanization percentages in SE Asia Urbanization percentages in SE Asia 70 1961 60 60 2004 50 40 40 30 20 20 10 0 Cambodia Indonesia Lao PDR M alaysia M yanmar Philippines Thailand Vietnam

K Key macro trends d • Agriculture is declining in its relative importance. l d l l • Consumer food demand is changing. • Trade both domestic and international is expanding • Trade, both domestic and international, is expanding. • Urbanization is increasing. • Agriculture is growing, but less rapidly than other Agriculture is growing, but less rapidly than other sectors.

Regional Development lO8°E GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION Recent Strategy New Strategy ECONOMIC CORRIDORS North-South Corridor 24OO1l MA Corridor Central N Corridor fl t-West North Western Corridor Corridor SC)UTIJ CHINA SEA Loel hon ANDAMAN SEA GMS ANDAA4AN SEA CORRIDORS O°OCN Narn Cay 4 ft N000oel Cao0 . CWTaa Asan Hiotinay Nesark W l0 0 200 200 0 ----- 50100 200 200 Nnnr IOtmete(0 Imarrenonarenandary Bwndannn are As reoreooeely aomoeoayan 00-011erenew RM 070eaoIoOh NM

Road Transport Network Road Transport Network 2005 2005 2005 2005 2015 2015 2015 2015 r A.o, My,lkyn. t_, kII' J-or.c I' Z4°DON- YU!ThAN PROVI - 'S REPUBLIC OF CHINAw. I' ('ii. VUNNAPJ PRO ES REPUBUC OF JJ; -a' '01 Ha Lii T At - P YANOOM _______ - VIE NAM a* - _,_ - GREATER MEKONG GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION SUBREGION IO%ON Tc 0 L! * * N.d5(C.ItI N.flo.od ClOd.l 4 4 1591, 2T5, 2015 Csyrrs,, 1902,2005 COMMITtED Asia,, Highway Natws,t H0hflyNT50.t COMMITtED HIGH thyal H,0eissao LOCaP Highway o so 100 ha; isa. 200 300 fla,Iway 50 ISO 200 300 5 Piossaclal eo,,adoiy - pip api a P I U a dip py - - - - Isla,,,abosal Byuydsay Pp,t.ppyayappal flaiiada,y 00usd.",,. a,. flat fltcassd.Iy Boundappes ape 'pap ppecessapply ap,O'appPapipe

Master Plan Regional lndlCàffve JIf?RC on Power Interconnection in the GMS Master Plan, Power n erconne io in e 1A5920-REG (J 1..?PR C C C View Consuftants Final Repod no - t. innn Nuozhado DQno 1019 Jinjhrqig Itung IIm lh 1aSan1 El \\ • To exchange energy in difference time voTHAIAIlD ii6 cD 7 2W? Va Nn • Decrease reserve h4Tk - Chaph Ar a 2O1S VIETNAM production Nkhon (Uflkhu ' Pleilcu Wnq N CAMBODIA • Using natural resources -o SIotiot 1010-IS ---! tn Penh I- in the most effective cY--2o1 way

The Northeast of Thailand The Northeast of Thailand • 37% out of 65 million of population are in the 37% out of 65 million of population are in the Northeast • 44 % of agricultural land are in the Northeast g • Is considered the poorest region: annual incomes of household in the Northeast are 128,464 THB, compared to 247,354 THB average incomes of the HH in the country. • Small farmer is the main type of organization of agricultural production

River Basins of Region River Basins of Region 1 2/1 Salawin Salawin , , Kok Kok , Ping, Wang, Yom Nan, Ping, Wang, Yom Nan, , Choapraya, Thachine, Sakaekrang and Choapraya, Thachine, Sakaekrang and Pasak Pasak 1 2 2 2 2 River Basin of Region River Basin of Region 2 Mekong, Chi Mun Mekong, Chi Mun 4 River Basins of Region River Basins of Region 3 Ri Ri B i f R i B i f R i 3 3 Pranchineburi, Bangprakong, Tonlesap, Pranchineburi, Bangprakong, Tonlesap, East coast East coast East coast. East coast. River Basin of Region River Basin of Region 4 4 Meklong, Petchaburi Meklong, Petchaburi Meklong, Petchaburi Meklong, Petchaburi 1-4 5 I nnjvicviuqnsthvi 1 fl5UVVlU1flill1I 2 River Basin of Region River Basin of Region 6 6 fl5UVVlU1flill1I 3 nsuvuinii1ic 4 The coast of Prachuab, Sout- The coast of Prachuab, Sout , -west coast, west coast, , South South- -east coast, Tapi, Songkla Lake, east coast, Tapi, Songkla Lake, Patani Patani

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Drought problems Drought problems

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Irrigation Irrigation • Total agricultural land 41 8 million rai Total agricultural land 41.8 million rai • Irrigated land 4.68 million rai (11 percent) • Agricultural outputs in irrigated areas are i l l i i i d evidently higher than in rain fed areas: around 430 430 – 460 kgs per rai, compared with only 280 460 k i d i h l 280 kgs per rai of paddy production

16 major dams Siñkittn rn Ptg m Lbd Rataa Cn and large and large thuIcrrtD / Kim Dam irrigation projects 'iindhan Dm $rinth in Thailand in Thailand Dm em [r TFi fn V KJ Kig Ia thrtcrn Kridhar ijiabh Dan

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¶1U11Ilfl1JthIIjlJl51I-I, Tfl1JlhIfl IYIIILtUU1JJOI innovi6ii fl15fl,i1&Iifl1ILdfl4lJ Water Grid I 13 clusters of water networks water networks (water grids) planed in Thailand: 5 clusters are in the Northeast the Northeast - dti 1 +

Mekong ‐ Loie ‐ Chi ‐ Mun Water Diversion Project • A mega ‐ irrigation project using gravity to A mega irrigation project, using gravity to supply water to agricultural areas of the Northeast covering 17 9 million rai in 15 Northeast, covering 17.9 million rai in 15 provinces of the Northeast in rainy season, and 5 – 12 million rai in dry season and 5 12 million rai in dry season • Filling water to the existing reservoirs at the end of rainy season to irrigate the land in dry end of rainy season, to irrigate the land in dry season and to generate hydro ‐ power

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Issues Issues • How to make efficient use of existing water How to make efficient use of existing water infrastructure? • Small is beautiful? Small scale irrigation • Small is beautiful? Small scale irrigation • Improvement of technologies: agrarian transformation, i.e. the reverse migration, f i i h i i trans ‐ national marriage, cross ‐ border, etc. • The question of pricing water and the poor. • Food crisis