Submarine Geohazards vs. Fiber Optic Telecommunications Cables: No - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Submarine Geohazards vs. Fiber Optic Telecommunications Cables: No Contest! Steve Bershader General Dynamics Information Technology

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Presenter Profile Steve Bershader has 42 year of experience in the telecommunications industry, the last Place 20 specializing in long haul satellite and picture cable systems technology. Now working here for General Dynamics, he provides clients with expert counselling on submarine systems. Steve Bershader Telecommunications Engineer Email: steve.bershader@gdit.com Tel: (+1) 703 456 2865

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Submarine Geohazards Mass Transport Deposits (MTDs)  Turbidity Currents ... Sound Harmless? – Gravity driven slope displacements – ‘Slow’ 5 – 75 km/hr – ‘Small’ up to 50 km 3 – ‘Shallow’ up to 20 m thick

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services A Large MTD? Storegga Norway Slide  ~ 6100 BC “slope failure”  Within a 12 hour period  ~ 2800 km 3 of sand and silt  95,000 km 2 buried to 80 m  Area >> than Hokkaido

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Magnitude of the Problem 1,000,000+ km global network  Attempts to avoids man made and natural hazards  Forced through choke points

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Magnitude of the Problem The Seismic Earth: Earthquakes per year

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Early Warnings Algeria Sep 11 1954 ‘Orleansville’ Earthquake  5 Coax Systems faulted up to 108 km from shore Magdalena (Columbia) Submarine Canyon  1940 – 1965: 17 Cable breaks in 25 years Papua-New Guinea 1966 and 1968  Cable breaks to 6475 meters 270 km from shore

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services A Major Event Algeria May 21 2003 ‘Boumerdes’ Earthquake  Magnitude 6.8 onshore quake, but – 5 Systems faulted in 30 places — ALPAL2, Columbus 2, FEA, SMW2, SMW3 – Breaks 8 – 174 km from the coast – Buried and unrecoverable – Failures to 1700 m depth – Repairs through July

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Damage Locations

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Algeria 1954 & 2003 What we told ourselves  The last time (Orleansville) was 49 years ago  Systems are only designed for a 25 year life – Negligible risk / adds one repair at most – Fishing/anchoring much more significant – Submarine still the most reliable choice – Alternate routes untenable

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Taiwan: 2002 31 March  Mag 7.1 Earthquake  APC, APCN, SMW3 28-29 August  Mag 6.2 Earthquake  APCN, APCN2, SMW3 CUSCN faulted

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Taiwan: 2003 10 December ‘Chengkung’ earthquake  Magnitude 6.8 onshore quake, but – APCN, APCN2, CUSCN, EAC, RNAL, SMW3 faulted – Repairs through March 2004

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Taiwan: “Boxing Day” Earthquake 26 December 2006  Earthquake Mag 7.2  Aftershock Mag 6.7  20m/sec, 72 km/hr  APCN, APCN2, C2C, CUSCN, EAC, FEA, RNAL, SMW3  7 weeks to repair  Depth to 4000 m

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Taiwan: Typhoon Morakot 8-9 August 2009  2.8 meters (> 9 feet) of rain fell in 2 days  Vast amounts of soil & debris washed to shelf

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Turbidity Currents Result Undersea landslides  August 9 - C2C, EAC, SMW3 faulted  August 12 - APCN, APCN2, FEA, FNAL/RNAL faulted  August 17 - Mag 6.5 earthquake - FNAL/RNAL fault

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Taiwan Again … No Surprise Pingtung, 4 March 2010  6.4 Magnitude on-shore earthquake – APCN, APCN2, CUSCN, FNAL, SMW3 faulted And no, we have not seen the last of the MTDs from Typhoon Morakot. They will be a factor for years to come.

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services The Response: Submarine Cable Industry  Build a mesh, but ... – Cost and Latency remain king – Shortest route – minimum separation from others Formosa Strait too difficult – only 70 m deep – – Routes south of the Philippines too long  Splice losses growing – Add processing and SFEC to compensate – EOL and upgrade margin sacrificed

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services The Response: Telco Industry A paradigm shift begins  Building n-way terrestrial mesh networks – Pan European networks bypass the Med – Europe – Asia connected by Russia - China partners – India - China avoids SE Asia waters – Saudi network avoids Strait of Hormuz & Persian Gulf  Result: Latency reduced, availability improved  But: Geopolitical implications

conference & convention enabling the next generation of networks & services Recommendations Cooperate  Understand MTDs & Turbidity Currents - Survey [during repairs] and share the results Avoid risk areas and accept the costs -  Build and share a global network that integrates the terrestrial and the submarine mesh