New Zealand presentation on The Christchurch Earthquakes – Our Recovery Story to the Workshop on Earthquake and Tsunami Safety in APEC Economies: Reducing Risks and Improving Preparedness 17 – 19 October 2011 Chinese Taipei
OUTLINE The Event The Impact The Response 1) Emergency Management 2) Key Interfaces 3) Communications 4) Flight plans 5) Welfare 6) Student movement 7) Long term considerations 8) The Way Forward 9) Lessons Learnt
New Zealand
New Zealand New Zealand 270,500km 2 Area 4.3 million Population NZ$126.68 billion/US$100billion GDP 2,300 # of schools 18,000 hectares School land 6.5 million sqm School property
New Zealand risk profile One magnitude 4 New Zealand is a earthquake per day seismically active country on the edge of two Two magnitude 5 earthquakes per month tectonic plates Two magnitude 6 New Zealand has: earthquakes per year • 50 to 80 earthquakes per day One magnitude 7 earthquake every three years • Approximately 15,000 earthquakes per year One magnitude 8+ earthquake per century
THE EVENT New Zealand has recently experienced two major earthquakes in the Canterbury region 4 September 2010 Time: 4:35am Magnitude: 7.1 Depth: 10 km Deaths: 0 22 February 2011 Time: 12:51pm Magnitude: 6.3 Depth: 5 km Deaths: 181
Canterbury Earthquakes
Canterbury Earthquakes Record peak ground accelerations – 4 September 2010
Canterbury Earthquakes Record peak ground accelerations – 22 February 2011
IMPACT Education in Canterbury is a $2.5 billion industry. Table: Governmental Responsibilities for Education Sector Property Responsibility Early Childhood Home-based services Private (423) Playcentres Private Kindergartens Crown/Council/Private Schooling State schools Crown (217) State-integrated schools (Integrated) Proprietors Independent schools (Private) Private Tertiary Universities Crown (124) Institutes of Technology and Crown Polytechnics (ITP) Private Training Private
4 September 2010 22 February 2011 4:35 am Saturday 12:51 pm Tuesday Time Weekend, early hours of the Weekday, near midday – most Implication morning - no students in lessons students on site or at lunch Assess property damage and Confirm the safety of students Priority isolate areas of concern and staff Gain engineering assessments Assess property damage and Next steps & confirm utilities prior to isolate areas of concern reopening • 96% of schools open 1 week • 17% of schools open 1 Resumption later week later of Education • 100% of schools open 2 • 32% of schools open 2 weeks later weeks later • 100% of schools open 5 weeks later
Extent of Damage Christchurch Cathedral Hazard: Falling masonry Rock fall City Streets Hazard: Subsidence and liquefaction
Fatalities - 182 Nearly 75% of the fatalities occurred in two buildings Pyne Gould Building Occupants: 200 people Fatalities: 15 deaths CTV Building Occupants: 300 people Fatalities: 118 deaths
1) Education Emergency Management • Emergency Management Overview Group (EMOG) • Deputy Secretary leading Recovery Team on the ground • Local response team Specialists were brought in from around the country to lend their expertise 7 engineering consortia Co-located with the Ministry’s damaged Christchurch offices to maximise local knowledge speed of response
Key skills sought for local response team • Database expertise • Media/Communications specialist • Project management experience • Sturctural engineers • Geotechnical engineers • Geospatial mapping • Planning experts • Senior educationalists • Trauma specialists • Counsellors/psychologists • Experienced principals (operating as mentors) • Pool of relief teachers
2) Key Interfaces • Civil Defence (state of emergency) • Chief Health Officer • Welfare agencies • Local councils
3) Communications • Information about schools to parents and the community as soon as possible • http://www.minedu.govt.nz advised key information incl. school closures and openings • Established call centre • Used email, texting, outbound calling, visiting schools and newspaper advertising, community forums
4) Flight Plans – Infrastructure A key aspect of ensuring safety and preparing for reopening was confirmation of infrastructure Access Water: Access: Sewerage: Electricity: • Road and footpath access Confirmation of Availability of toilet Availability of safe Ability for students power supply drinking water to safely attend facilities Potable water school Addressing of Confirmation of Confirmation of • Addressing pipes and plumbing sewerage lines damaged electrical safe mains water Ability to isolate hazards fittings Sewerage • Confirming waste management Electricity and gas • Ensuring safety
4) Flight Plans – School damage All schools were assessed for damage. The stability of education buildings reflects: • when they were built • what the perceived biggest risks were • what they were made from Pre-1935 1935-1976 Post-1976 Masonry resists Concrete resists Timber flexes in fire, flood & wind fire, flood & wind earthquakes Steelwork flexes Timber flexes in Timber flexes in in earthquakes earthquakes earthquakes
Though the Canterbury earthquakes involved violent shaking, most education property damage was related to land instability • Rockfall • Cracks and fissures • Subsidence and liquefaction • Flooding
Liquefaction Liquefaction Tall reinforced Tall reinforced buildings in CBD buildings in CBD Hill shaking & rockfall Hill shaking & rockfall
Assessments The Ministry undertook a number of property assessments throughout the Canterbury region 1. Site: Site visit/assessments 2. Buildings: Structural assessments 3. Land: Geotechnical reports
Buildings and structures that were seriously damaged were isolated – pending decisions on how to proceed • 29 schools had structures with major damage (requiring Council re-building consent) • 49 schools had structures with medium damage (requiring repair) • 136 schools had minor damage that could be repaired without disrupting school operation
Site sharing • 7 damaged schools relocated to Transport: Site-sharing created existing school sites Re-locatables: Site Sharing: a need to transport • Initially, 55% of all secondary 1 intermediate 52 temporary a large number of classrooms were school (am) hosted students were double shifting students across a delivered to 10 another (pm) compromised schools roading network 5 secondary schools Temporary Accommodation (am) hosted 5 guest Some classrooms An additional 98 • 52 re-locatable classrooms traveled nearly 500 secondary schools busses were (pm) km to new schools • 3 temporary schools established needed to transport 7,100 students across Christchurch New transport arrangements
5) Welfare The earthquake had a large impact on the welfare of people throughout Christchurch Children and Young People Social Needs: Student Needs: • Information – Seminars, web tip 10 temporary Community briefings for over learning hubs sheets, parent training (via web Q&As), 3000 people established prior to email advisory services, connecting schools reopening Over 700 direct families to services (through School site-sharing contacts with navigators) was used to return schools within 1 teachers and month • Social workers and counsellors students to full • Community service hubs and learning environs learning hubs • Out of school sport and recreation programmes
5) Welfare Staff Resources: • Counselling and support 30-40 specialist staff deployed to • Principal support and mentoring Christchurch 20 schools requested extra support and advice An additional 35 teachers and principals deployed
6) Student Movement Movement of Canterbury Students Still in new TLA Moved back to ChCh 6,637 8000 7000 6000 5000 Number of Students 4000 3000 5,241 2000 1000 0 24 25 28 1 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 25 28 29 30 31 1 4 5 6 7 8 11 12 13 19 21 3 5 10 12 17 19 24 26 31 2 7 9 14 15 16 17 20 21 22 23 24 28 30 5 7 13 20 5 11 18 24 2 8 15 22 29 Date (February/March/April/May/June/July/August/September)
7) Long term considerations • Land • Geotechnical instability • Buildings • Building standards, requirements and design • Population • Population concentration and distribution • Opportunities • Innovation in network design
Financial Estimates • Total bill = NZ$15 billion (8% of GDP) • Worst natural disaster to hit a developed nation relative to the size of its economy • Total bill for schools = NZ$350 - NZ$450 million • Insurers = NZ$100 million approx • Looking to innovative financing arrangements gor government schools
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