Producti duction on of Large e Area ea Picosecond osecond Photo to-Detec tector tors s (LAPP PPD TM TM ): ): Status tus Update te Alexey Lyashen henko Incom om Inc. Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Incom Inc. Head office: 294 Southbridge Rd, Charlton MA 01507 508-909-2200 www.incomusa.com LAPPD Manufacturing 242 Sturbridge Rd, Charlton MA 01507 2 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
LAPPD development group: A. V. Lyashenko (alyashenko@incomusa.com), B. W. Adams, M. Aviles, S. Butler, T. • Cremer, C. D. Ertley, M. R. Foley, C. J. Hamel, M. J. Minot, M. A. Popecki, T. Rivera, M. E. Stochaj, Incom Inc, Charlton, MA A. U. Mane, J. W. Elam, Argonne National Laboratory • O. H. W. Siegmund, University of California, Berkeley • H. J. Frisch’s group (E. Angelico, A. Elagin, E. Spieglan), University of Chicago • M. Wetstein’s group, Iowa State University • R. Wagner, J. Xie, Argonne National Laboratory • 3 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Benefits of fast timing Neutrino: More efficient background rejection HEP applications: Precise TOF & PID M. Sanchez, NUFACT2015 Neutrino, rare decay : M. Sanchez, NUFACT2015 Precise track reconstruction https://people.nscl.msu.edu/~witek/Classes/PHY802/betadecay2017a.pdf Neutrino: High vertex resolution in large scale 0bb decay: TTS 0.1nS TTS 1.28nS experiments Directionality information C. Aberle et al., JINST 9 (2014), arXiv:1307.5813 4 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
LAPPD enabling technology: Incom MCPs Glass capillary arrays functionalized in-house with ALD O. H. W. Siegmund et. al., SPIE Proc. 10397 Gain map high res Gain Uniformity in 203mm X 203mm MCP Gain >10 7 O. H. W. Siegmund et. al., AMOS12 MgO Al 2 O 3 Dark count rate 0.03 Hz/cm 2 MCPs Standard dimensions DIA33mm, SQ53mm, SQ60mm, SQ127mm, SQ200mm. Curved MCPs. 5 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Incom MCPs O. H. W. Siegmund, AMOS12 O. H. W. Siegmund, AMOS12 O. H. W. Siegmund et. al., SPIE Proc. 10397 Launched Dec 2018 MCPs are marketed as a separate product line. Standard dimensions DIA33mm, SQ53mm, SQ60mm, SQ127mm, SQ200mm. Curved MCPs. 6 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
LAPPD Basics 50 Ω impedance Typical Single PE Pulses FWHM: 1.1 nsec Rise time: 850 psec Image Courtesy Iowa State University, Matt Wetstein, ANNIE Program 7 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Baseline LAPPD features Borosilicate Glass body • Borosilicate Glass window • 20um pore MCPs • QE >15% w/bi-alkali photocathode • Picosecond timing resolution: TTS<100pS • Gain >10 6 • Dark Noise <1kHz/cm 2 @ 200V on PC • mm spatial resolution Incom • No photocathode degradation MCPs • 23mm Active area 92% 8 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Baseline LAPPD characteristics Baseline LAPPD process is well established PHD Gain 10 7 Dark rate Transit Time Spread <1KHz/cm 2 No degradation 79ps with after 8 months 63ps FWHM laser pulses 200V Low TTS 50ps estimated A. V. Lyashenko et. al., NIMA https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162834, https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10399 9 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Baseline LAPPDs have no character 10 7 4*10 6 6*10 6 10 7 6*10 6 10 7 Predictable dark rate of few 100Hz/cm 2 @ gain ~5*10 6 ensuring lowest TTS Several 100Hz/cm2 @ gain ~10 7 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Time Resolution 60 psec with 20pS FWHM laser pulses 79 psec with 64pS FWHM laser pulses 64 psec with 40pS FWHM laser pulses 2 the extracted TTS is ~50pS Assuming σ Meas = σ LAPPD + σ LaserWidth 2 2 Electronics Limited 11 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Spatial Resolution Along a Strip Across Strips Center of Mass of Jitter in Δ t for a fixed five adjacent strip laser position signals FWHM 2.4mm DRS4 waveform samplers Pulses observed at both St. dev. from ends of a strip. linear fit 0.75mm Reconstructed position vs laser position 12 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Development of Na 2 KSb photocathodes: Present Status Mean QE Mean QE Mean QE Mean QE 28% 23% 24% 29% Focus on photocathode uniformity and process repeatability • >20% QE @ 365nm has been routinely achieved • Baseline process established • 13 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
QE vs Wavelength Fused Silica Window Borosilicate Window PRELIMINARY High sensitivity in the UV has been demonstrated Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Linearity Good Linearity up to counting rate of ~500KHz/cm2 15 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
LAPPD Pilot Production Status Baseline LAPPD has been defined • 2020 Production Plan: 4 baseline LAPPDs + 2 Development LAPPDs • a month → 72 starts a year Parallel operation of two Integration and Sealing systems • 16 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
20 μ m pores 10 μ m pores 20 μ m pores Conservative 17 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
LAPPD characterization in the July 2-6, 2019 Fermilab Test Beam A Collaboration between U of Chicago, FNAL, Incom Inc., and the ANNIE Program Status: have measured ~1000s of charged particle events synchronized to beam spills with 2-LAPPDs, 120 channels of PSEC4 readout Goals: • Provide particle ID for all particles in the test-beam facility as a permanent diagnostic tool • Factor of >100 improvement on present TOF system • Fully characterize LAPPD sensitivity/resolution to charged particles Acknowledging the support of the DOE, Office of HEP and Dr. Helmut Marsiske 18 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
JLABs Telescope Light Gas Cerenkov for SoLID Team : Dr. Junqi Xie, Dr. Zein-Eddine Meziani (ANL), Alexandre Camsonne, Mark Jones (JLABs), Dr. Mark Popecki, Dr. Camden Ertley (Incom Inc) Background: Unprecedented luminosity for SoLID imposes new requirements on detector technology, trigger design and data acquisition. Goals and objective: 1. Investigate hit patterns for Cerenkov photons that belong to good particle tracks. 2. Understand how the MAPMTs and MCP-PMT/LAPPD behave in a very high-rate environment. 3. Evaluate DAQ electronics in such environment. Setup: 1. LAPPD #41 – On Loan from Incom Inc. 2. Hall C “open” environment 3. Particles: scattered electrons, photons, neutrons 4. Radiator medium: CO 2 5. Trigger: scintillator & calorimeter 6. DAQ: FADC Preliminary Indications: Confirmed Cerenkov event with multiple adjacent stripline readout (Nhit = 5 or 6) Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
GEN II LAPPD A robust ceramic body • Capacitive signal coupling: to an external PCB anode • Pixelated anodes: to enable high fluence applications • 10 7 Capacitively Coupled Readout Board Sealing process established, high QE demonstrated, Baseline GEN II process is being defined 20 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
High Resolution Imaging using GEN II LAPPD Capacitively Coupled to a Cross Delay Line Anode 200mm square cross delay line anode. Preliminary high resolution image X and Y delay lines are connected by formed using a cross delay line through-hole-via to surface pads. anode capacitively coupled to GEN (Courtesy of UC Berkeley) II LAPPD #44. 21 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Development of New 10 cm × 10 cm High Rate Picosecond Photodetector (HRPPD) Large Area Picosecond High Rate Picosecond Feature Photodetector (LAPPD TM ) Photodetector (HRPPD) Application Picosecond Time of Flight PET, TOF, UV Imaging Detector Size 20 cm × 20 cm 10 cm × 10 cm UHV Package X-Spacers window support -> X-Spacer free -> large effective Design creates dead zones area Window Fused Silica, B33 Glass UV Fused Silica, MgF 2 λ Sensitivity 200 (300 for B33) - 600 nm 115 - 400 nm Photocathode Bialkali UV optimized Bialkali MCP Pore Size 20 µm & 10 µm 10 µm MCP Stack B-Field Optimized B-Field Optimized Direct readout of thick film High density pixelated anode strips or capacitive readout with Anode with direct or capacitive application specific patterned readout anode Lower Tile Side walls hermetically sealed Side walls hermetically sealed Assembly to anode to anode Through anode -> 4 side Through Frit Seal -> 2 side Connections abuttable with minimum dead abuttable space 22 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
Current Gen-II 10 cm Detector Development • Scaled down Gen-II LAPPD – no X-spacer – Smaller gap spacing – 10 or 20 µm pore MCPs HV • Intended to develop fixturing Feedthroughs compatible with sealing tanks and test chamber. • Qualify the unsupported 10 cm window seal • Oversized anode to improve connectivity and grounding Anode Feedthroughs • Will test multi-size pixelated anode readout board (currently being Resistive Anode designed). Ground Feedthroughs 23 Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI
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