Silver Iodide Calcium Chromate Barium Hydroxide Sodium Chlorate - PDF document

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Bell Task 11/15 Using Table F determine if the following substances are soluble or insoluble. Silver Iodide Calcium Chromate Barium Hydroxide Sodium Chlorate Strontium Sulfate Lithium Carbonate Oct 18­2:28 PM Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous solutions Alot of chemistry takes place in water or in aqueous solutions. It is imperative to study these types of reactions. Oct 18­2:11 PM 1

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 4.1 Some ways that chemical reactions occurs There are 3 chemical reactions that take place in aqueous solution: 1. Precipitation-insoluble solid formed-Table F 2. Acid Base Neutralization 3. REDOX-reduction/oxidation Precipitation Reaction- Table F - Regents Reference Table occurs between 2 aqueous solutions that form an insoluble product indicated for a solid product formed. Cations and anions exchange partners Example: KI(aq) + Pb(NO 3 ) 2 KNO 3 (aq) + PbI 2 (s) Soluble or Insoluble: _______________1. Calcium Sulfate _______________2. Silver Iodide _______________3. Ammonium Hydroxide _______________4. Barium Chromate _______________5. Aluminum Sulfide Memorize Page 112 for Solubility Guidelines Quiz on Wednesday! Oct 18­2:30 PM Acid Base Neutralization are reactions between acids and bases that produce salt and water NaOH (aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) Remember, definition of Acids in Chapter 2-they produce H+ ions in solution and Bases produce OH- ions in solution. You should be able to predict products of these reactions! Oct 18­2:37 PM 2

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Problem 4.1 a­c Try these Nov 14­7:44 PM Bell Task 11/16 4.32 Problem Nov 16­9:51 AM 3

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Oct 19­10:15 AM Bell Task Think backwards on this problem. How might you use a precipitation reaction to prepare a sample of PbI 2 ? Oct 19­9:58 PM 4

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Electrolytes are substances that dissolve in water to produce conducting solution of ions. CH 3 OH Methanol is an alcohol group that does not conduct current because of the hydroxyl group attached- Any alcohol does not conduct current -can be weak electrolytes or strong electrolytes -All ionic bonded substances ARE STRONG ELECTROLYTES AND will produce MANY ions in solution and dissociate to almost completely. -All acids and bases will produce ions in solution- SOME ACIDS AND BASES ARE WEAK AND STRONG remember -NonPolar covalent bonded substances WILL NOT CONDUCT CURRENT BECAUSE OF NO DIPOLES PRESENT-no partial charges present. Oct 19­9:29 PM Difference in Strength of Electrolytes NaCl Glucose Strong electrolyte is a compound that dissociates almost completely Weak electrolyte is a compound that dissociates to small extent and produces just a few ions in solution Oct 19­9:42 PM 5

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Practice problems 11/17 Nov 16­7:09 PM Dissociation of NaCl Video Dissociation of KMnO 4 Video electrolyte vs. nonelectrolyte video Strong vs. Weak Electrolyte video Nov 16­7:30 PM 6

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Nov 16­7:18 PM Nov 16­7:19 PM 7

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Notice the moles of each ion produced! We can use aqueous solution stoichiometry to figure out the molar concentration of ions produced. Nov 16­7:19 PM Dissociation is a process where a compound splits apart when dissolved in water-See below example! H 2 O K 2 SO 4 (s) 2K + (aq) + SO 4 ­2 (aq) How many total moles of ions were produced? Sample Problem: What is the total molar concentration of ions in a 0.575 M solution of strong electrolyte Potassium Sulfate, assuming complete dissociation? Oct 19­9:37 PM 8

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Bell Task 11/18 Below are three different substances. Which one is the strongest electrolyte and weakest electrolyte from the illustration below. Nov 17­10:48 AM Solubility Guidelines from Brown and LeMay Text Nov 17­10:50 AM 9

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Sample Problem 4.2 What is the molar concentration of Br­ ions in a 0.225 M aqueous solution of FeBr 3, assuming complete dissocation. Nov 16­7:26 PM Nov 16­7:19 PM 10

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Nov 16­7:20 PM Nov 16­7:20 PM 11

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Nov 16­7:20 PM Memorize table 4.1 NH 3 Oct 19­9:46 PM 12

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Oct 19­9:48 PM Bell Task Identify the following as soluble or insoluble using solubility guidelines ________1. PbCrO 4 ________2. NaOH ________3. AgBr ________4. (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 ________5. CaCO 3 ________6. KCl Nov 16­7:40 PM 13

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Bell Task Identify the following as soluble or insoluble using solubility guidelines ________1. PbCrO 4 ________2. NaOH ________3. AgBr ________4. (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 ________5. CaCO 3 ________6. KCl Oct 20­9:48 PM Solubility Guidelines Soluble Compounds Compounds containing alkali metal ions and Ammonium ion form soluble compounds Nitrates, bicarbonates, and chlorates form soluble compounds Halides(Cl, Br, I) form soluble compounds except Ag + , +2 , Pb +2 Hg 2 Sulfates form soluble compounds except-Ag+,Ca+2, Sr+2, Ba+2, Hg+2, Pb+2 Insoluble compounds Carbonates, Phosphates, Chromates and Sulfides except when combined with alkali metal ions and Ammonium ion Hydroxides except when combined with alkali metals and the Ba+2 ions Oct 20­9:23 PM 14

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Oct 20­9:23 PM Nov 17­1:08 PM 15

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Nov 17­1:09 PM Nov 17­1:09 PM 16

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Nov 17­1:09 PM Nov 17­1:09 PM 17

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Nov 17­1:09 PM Sample Problem Write out the balanced net ionic equation for aqueous Potassium Chromate reacting with Barium Nitrate. Nov 17­1:11 PM 18

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Net Ionic Equations Oct 20­8:22 PM Nov 19­10:28 AM 19

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Nov 19­10:16 AM 11/22/10 start Oct 19­10:02 PM 20

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Oct 20­8:22 PM Oct 20­8:22 PM 21

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Sample Problem A chemical reaction occurs between aqueous Chromium III Sulfate and aqueous Ammonium Carbonate. Write the net ionic equation for this reaction. Oct 22­10:22 AM Nov 22­10:16 AM 22

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Nov 22­10:19 AM Bell Task 11/29 3 multiple choice questions 1. Which of the following is an electrolyte? A. Carbon Dioxide gas B. Sulfur Trichloride C. Nitrogen Monoxide D. Iron III Sulfate 2. Which of the following is a redox reaction? A. Ba(OH) 2 (aq) + HNO 3 (aq) Ba(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + H 2 O(l) B. Na(s) + CoCl 2 (aq) NaCl(aq) + Co(s) C. AgNO 3 (aq) + KCl(aq) KNO 3 (aq) + AgCl(s) 3. Which of the following is insoluble? A. Calcium Hydroxide B. Magnesium Chromate C. Calcium Sulfate Nov 28­7:20 PM 23

Reactions in aqueous solutions.notebook December 14, 2010 Agenda Bell task and review Review Limiting Reactant Lab with Beakers ­final conclusions Review Chapter 3 test Acids and Bases and neutralization reactions Nov 28­7:37 PM Section 4.5 Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions Neutralization reactions occur in aqueous solution They produce _________ and ___________ Acids have different strength (strong electrolyte vs. weak electrolyte) -produce H+ ions in solution -Table 4.2 MAKE SURE YOU KNOW A WEAK ACID/BASE FROM A STRONG ACID/BASE (page 115) - Monoprotic Acids produce 1 mole of H+ ions and dissociate only once HCl (aq) H 3 0+(aq) + Cl-(aq) - Diprotic Acids produce 2 moles of H+ ions and dissociate twice H 2 SO 4 (aq) H 3 0+ + HSO 4 -2 HSO 4 -2 (aq) H 3 0+ + SO 4 -2 - triprotic acids produce 3 moles of H+ ions and dissociate three times H 3 PO 4 (aq) H 2 PO 4 ­3 + H 3 O + 1st dissociation Bases -produce OH- ion in solution -have different strength (strong vs. weak electrolyte) -Ammonia weak base dissociates slightly -NaOH strong base dissociates almost completely Net ionic equation for neutralization reactions -What do you think is left in a net ionic equation?? Example: Lithium Hydroxide reacts with Carbonic Acid to produce???? Oct 25­8:41 PM 24