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Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology Jeremy Kuhn Insitut Jean Nicod, CNRS, EHESS, ENS Monday 5 th February, 2018 Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut

  1. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Sign language vs. oralism Which method is actually better? ◮ The oralist hypothesis: learning sign language inhibits spoken language acquisition. ◮ How to test? Language assessments of the two groups. ◮ Confounding factors: ◮ Language input at home (which one?), cochlear implants, oralist vs. sign language pedagogy ◮ Davidson et al. (2013): ‘We conclude that natural sign language input does no harm and may mitigate negative effects of early auditory deprivation for spoken language development.’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 16 / 88

  2. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary The result ◮ The oralist tradition was implemented in many countries of Europe for 100 years. Until 1980! ◮ In France, where sign language had had a strong tradition, LSF was suppressed, yielding fewer native speakers, and a much more fragmented language. ◮ Around 1980, an LSF ‘renaissance,’ with Deaf signers taking ownership of their language. Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 17 / 88

  3. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary In short... ◮ Sign language is a natural human language . ◮ Unique grammars ◮ Unique histories ◮ We see the same grammatical patterns that we see in spoken language. ◮ Syntax, semantics, morphology, .... even phonology! ◮ Conclusion: the same underlying cognitive system. ◮ But, several places where ‘modality matters’. ◮ What can you do with signs that you can’t with speech? Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 18 / 88

  4. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Sign language is unique ◮ The visual-spatial channel of sign language results in some unique properties: Simultaneity 1 Use of space 2 Iconicity 3 ◮ Looking at two different modalities gives us a richer perspective on the deep properties of language. Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 19 / 88

  5. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Section 3 Phonology Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 20 / 88

  6. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Sign language phonology? phono + logy Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 21 / 88

  7. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Sign language phonology? phono + logy ‘sound’ ‘study’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 21 / 88

  8. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Phonetics vs. phonology Phonetics: the study of the systems used to physically produce and perceive sounds Phonology: the abstract combinatorial system that manipulates meaningless units Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 22 / 88

  9. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Phonetics vs. phonology Phonetics: the study of the systems used to physically produce and perceive sounds or signs Phonology: the abstract combinatorial system that manipulates meaningless units Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 22 / 88

  10. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Phonetics vs. phonology Phonetics: the study of the systems used to physically produce and perceive sounds or signs ◮ This will depend (in part) on the modality. Phonology: the abstract combinatorial system that manipulates meaningless units Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 22 / 88

  11. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Phonetics vs. phonology Phonetics: the study of the systems used to physically produce and perceive sounds or signs ◮ This will depend (in part) on the modality. Phonology: the abstract combinatorial system that manipulates meaningless units ◮ Claim: This depends less on the modality. Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 22 / 88

  12. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Duality of patterning Phonological level: combination of meaningless units cat act tack Syntactic level: combination of meaningful units John saw Mary Mary saw John Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 23 / 88

  13. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Phonology 1. Categorical perception of continuous signals ba ← → pa 2. Combinatorial rules that target classes of sounds Japanese: {i, u} –> voiceless Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 24 / 88

  14. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Overview Today’s goal for sign language: 1. Identify phonemic inventory. 2. Identify natural classes/features. 3. Describe rules. Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 25 / 88

  15. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Section 4 Phonemic inventory Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 26 / 88

  16. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Basics of sign language phonology Who wants to play a game? Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 27 / 88

  17. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Basics of sign language phonology Who wants to play a game? LSF: ‘hearing’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 27 / 88

  18. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Basics of sign language phonology Who wants to play a game? Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 28 / 88

  19. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Basics of sign language phonology Who wants to play a game? ASL: ‘hotel’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 28 / 88

  20. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Basics of sign language phonology What information did you have to communicate? Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 29 / 88

  21. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Parameters of SL phonology Four parameters: ◮ Handshape ◮ Movement ◮ Orientation ◮ Location Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 30 / 88

  22. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Parameters of SL phonology ◮ Phonemes are phonological units whose combination generates words/signs ◮ Formational parameters are an easy way to classify those units. Just like spoken language phonemes are organized in vowels and consonants, SL phonemes are organized in parameters Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 31 / 88

  23. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Parameters of SL phonology ◮ Phonemes in spoken languages ◮ / i /, / E / ... are phonemes in the class of vowels ◮ / g /, / N / ... are phonemes in the class of consonants ◮ Phonemes in SL ◮ / F /, / B / ... are phonemes in the class of handshapes ◮ / → /, / � / ... are phonemes in the class of movements Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 32 / 88

  24. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Contrastive phonemes ◮ Are these categories relevant to phonology? ◮ E.g., spoken language: ◮ Japanese: no contrast between l and r ◮ English: two-way voicing distinction: b vs. p ◮ Thai: three-way voicing distinction: b vs. p vs. p h ◮ In English, the b/p distinction is contrastive . The p/p h distinction is not. ◮ How do we know? Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 33 / 88

  25. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal pairs A minimal pair is a pair of phonological forms, differing with respect to a single phoneme, that have different meanings. mat vs. bat Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 34 / 88

  26. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Parameters of SL phonology Four parameters: ◮ Handshape ◮ Movement ◮ Orientation ◮ Location Are these parameters contrastive? Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 35 / 88

  27. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal pairs in Sign Language (1) LIS (2) LIS FULL FAMILY Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 36 / 88

  28. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary FULL vs. FAMILY They share: ◮ Place of articulation : ◮ Orientation : ◮ Handshape : They differ in terms of: Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 37 / 88

  29. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary FULL vs. FAMILY They share: ◮ Place of articulation : The non-dominant hand ◮ Orientation : ◮ Handshape : They differ in terms of: Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 37 / 88

  30. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary FULL vs. FAMILY They share: ◮ Place of articulation : The non-dominant hand ◮ Orientation : Palm down ◮ Handshape : They differ in terms of: Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 37 / 88

  31. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary FULL vs. FAMILY They share: ◮ Place of articulation : The non-dominant hand ◮ Orientation : Palm down ◮ Handshape : They differ in terms of: Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 37 / 88

  32. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary FULL vs. FAMILY They share: ◮ Place of articulation : The non-dominant hand ◮ Orientation : Palm down ◮ Handshape : They differ in terms of: ◮ Movement : straight vs. circular Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 37 / 88

  33. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary FULL vs. FAMILY They share: ◮ Place of articulation : The non-dominant hand ◮ Orientation : Palm down ◮ Handshape : They differ in terms of: ◮ Movement : straight vs. circular ◮ Meaning Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 37 / 88

  34. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Handshape Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 38 / 88

  35. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal pairs: handshape SORRY ∼ PLEASE RED ∼ CUTE ∼ SWEET TWIN ∼ RESTAURANT ∼ ISRAEL Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 39 / 88

  36. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal pair: orientation BALANCE ∼ MAYBE STAR ∼ SOCKS Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 40 / 88

  37. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal pairs: location FATHER MOTHER FINE ∼ ∼ TIME ∼ FINLAND DRY ∼ SUMMER ∼ UGLY Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 41 / 88

  38. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal pair: motion SCHOOL ∼ PAPER COFFEE ∼ MAKE CHOCOLATE ∼ CHURCH ∼ COMPUTER Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 42 / 88

  39. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Practice: minimal pairs LUCKY ∼ SMART SCIENCE ∼ CHEMISTRY BROOKLYN ∼ BOSTON ∼ BLUE MARRY ∼ PROOF Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 43 / 88

  40. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Consider Is this a minimal pair? ASL: NAME ROME Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 44 / 88

  41. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Section 5 Features Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 45 / 88

  42. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Spoken language features ◮ Phonemes are not just an unorganized set: {a, e, i, u, ...} ◮ Rather: ◮ What does this grid mean? Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 46 / 88

  43. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary What are phonological features? 1. Phonetic natural class ◮ F1 = [front]/[back] ◮ F2 = [low]/[high] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 47 / 88

  44. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary What are phonological features? 1. Phonetic natural class ◮ F1 = [front]/[back] ◮ F2 = [low]/[high] 2. Phonological natural class Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 47 / 88

  45. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary What are phonological features? 1. Phonetic natural class ◮ F1 = [front]/[back] ◮ F2 = [low]/[high] 2. Phonological natural class ◮ Hungarian vowel harmony targets [front]/[back] ◮ Japanese devoicing targets [low]/[high] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 47 / 88

  46. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary ‘Minimal’ pairs are relative What it means to be minimal is relative: ◮ cat vs. bat ◮ pat vs. bat Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 48 / 88

  47. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary A small note: ‘parameters’ as classes ◮ Earlier, I said: parameters are classes of phonemes ◮ ‘movement’ parameter : same kind category as ‘vowels’ ◮ It’s not surprising that the four parameters are all contrastive. ◮ It’s like asking: ‘are vowels constrative in this language?’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 49 / 88

  48. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal difference vs. minimal pair Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 50 / 88

  49. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal difference vs. minimal pair ◮ TRAIN ◮ TRAIN Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 50 / 88

  50. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Minimal difference vs. minimal pair ◮ TRAIN ◮ TRAIN This phenomenon is allophonic alternation/variation . Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 50 / 88

  51. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Cross-linguistic variation Contrasts in one language might not exist in another. Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 51 / 88

  52. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Cross-linguistic variation Contrasts in one language might not exist in another. 1. Movement (forward or back) ◮ ROLL ◮ SIGN Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 51 / 88

  53. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Cross-linguistic variation Contrasts in one language might not exist in another. 1. Movement (forward or back) ◮ ROLL ◮ SIGN ◮ LIS: this feature is not contrastive (only forward mov’t) Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 51 / 88

  54. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Cross-linguistic variation Contrasts in one language may exist in another. 2. Handshape: W ◮ WORLD Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 52 / 88

  55. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Cross-linguistic variation Contrasts in one language may exist in another. 2. Handshape: W ◮ WORLD ◮ LIS: this handshape does not exist Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 52 / 88

  56. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary From Description to Theory At the descriptive level we have ◮ Minimal pairs generate contrast ◮ Allophonic alternation filters some differences At the theoretical level ◮ There is a mental representation level in which these things happen. This is the Phonological Level . Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 53 / 88

  57. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Loan words ◮ Loan words: one window to the Phonological level Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 54 / 88

  58. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Loan words ◮ Loan words: one window to the Phonological level English loan words in Korean Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 54 / 88

  59. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Loan words ◮ Loan words: one window to the Phonological level English loan words in Korean ◮ English: [ vaIr@s ], ‘virus’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 54 / 88

  60. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Loan words ◮ Loan words: one window to the Phonological level English loan words in Korean ◮ English: [ vaIr@s ], ‘virus’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 54 / 88

  61. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Loan words ◮ Loan words: one window to the Phonological level English loan words in Korean ◮ English: [ vaIr@s ], ‘virus’ ◮ Korean: [ paIrasu ], ‘virus’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 54 / 88

  62. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Loan words ◮ Loan words: one window to the Phonological level English loan words in Korean ◮ English: [ vaIr@s ], ‘virus’ ◮ Korean: [ paIrasu ], ‘virus’ Underlying representation → Surface form Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 54 / 88

  63. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Loan words ASL loan words in LIS ◮ ASL: ‘workshop’ ◮ LIS: ‘workshop’ Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 55 / 88

  64. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Loan words ASL loan words in LIS ◮ ASL: ‘workshop’ ◮ LIS: ‘workshop’ Underlying representation → Surface form Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 55 / 88

  65. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Section 6 Assimilation Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 56 / 88

  66. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Assimilation in English (Review) ◮ Assimilation is the phonological process where one sound becomes similar to an adjacent segment. ◮ Example: nasal place assimilation in English ◮ interminable /n/ → [ n ] intangible intolerant ◮ impossible /n/ → [m] implausibe impolite ◮ inconceivable /n/ → [ N ] incongruous incomplete Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 57 / 88

  67. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Assimilation in English An optional process of nasal assimilation: ◮ In + k2mplit → INk2mplit ◮ More schematized: n k N k + = [ + nasal] [ − voice] [ + nasal] [ − voice] [ + coronal] [ + velar] [ + velar] [ + velar] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 58 / 88

  68. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Assimilation in English An optional process of nasal assimilation: ◮ In + k2mplit → INk2mplit ◮ More schematized: n k N k + = [ + nasal] [ − voice] [ + nasal] [ − voice] [ + coronal] [ + velar] [ + velar] [ + velar] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 58 / 88

  69. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Assimilation in English An optional process of nasal assimilation: ◮ In + k2mplit → INk2mplit ◮ More schematized: n k N k + = [ + nasal] [ − voice] [ + nasal] [ − voice] [ + coronal] [ + velar] [ + velar] [ + velar] ◮ Generalization: the /n/ of ‘in-’ changes its place to match the following consonant. /n/ → [ + velar] / [+velar] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 58 / 88

  70. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Assimilation in sign language ◮ Handshape assimilation in sign language: ◮ RED + CHOP = TOMATO Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 59 / 88

  71. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Assimilation in sign language ◮ Handshape assimilation in sign language: ◮ RED + CHOP = TOMATO + = Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 59 / 88

  72. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Assimilation in sign language ◮ Handshape assimilation in sign language: ◮ RED + CHOP = TOMATO + = ◮ Assimilation of the entire handshape. Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 59 / 88

  73. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Handshape assimilation ◮ Partial assimilation: (features are approximate) THINK + SELF = ‘think for yourself’ + = Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 60 / 88

  74. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Handshape assimilation ◮ Partial assimilation: (features are approximate) THINK + SELF = ‘think for yourself’ + = [ + index] [ − index] [ + index] [ − index] [ − thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 60 / 88

  75. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Handshape assimilation ◮ Partial assimilation: (features are approximate) THINK + SELF = ‘think for yourself’ + = [ + index] [ − index] [ + index] [ − index] [ − thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 60 / 88

  76. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Handshape assimilation ◮ Partial assimilation: (features are approximate) THINK + SELF = ‘think for yourself’ + = [ + index] [ − index] [ + index] [ − index] [ − thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] ◮ A new handshape is produced! ◮ Just like [n] + [k] produced [ N ]. Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 60 / 88

  77. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Handshape assimilation ◮ Partial assimilation: TIME + SAME = ‘simultaneous’ + = [ + index] [ − index] [ + index] [ − index] [ − thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] [ − pinky] [ + pinky] [ + pinky] [ + pinky] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 61 / 88

  78. Intro History Phonology Inventory Features Assimilation Exercise Epenthesis SL Families Summary Handshape assimilation ◮ Partial assimilation: TIME + SAME = ‘simultaneous’ + = [ + index] [ − index] [ + index] [ − index] [ − thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] [ + thumb] [ − pinky] [ + pinky] [ + pinky] [ + pinky] Jeremy Kuhn, Insitut Jean Nicod Sign language linguistics Day 1: phonology 61 / 88

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