Russia China North Korea Japan South Korea Higher biodiversity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Russia China North Korea Japan South Korea

Higher biodiversity = More sustainable Biodiversity Sustainability of Forest Ecosystem (3/24)

Threatened biodiversity by Climate Change (4/24)

Physical environments as “arena” of biological activity (Hunter, 1988) Animals Plants Boulders and Gravelly Sandy and Topography rock outcrops lower slope silty desert floor Influence of topography and soils on distribution of plants and animals (revised by Hugget, 2004) (5/24)

Securing the Ecological Connectivity Map of the land facets linkage design (outlined in black) (Brost and Beier, 2012) Topographical linkages “to support movement by species associated with land facet (based on topography), today and in the future.” (Brost and Beier, 2012) (6/24)

Key Ecological Linkage : 백두대간 Protected area (PPA) Russia China North Korea Japan South Korea 0 150 300 Kilometers (7/24)

Key Ecological Linkage : 백두대간 Protected area (PPA) Russia China North Korea Japan South Korea 0 150 300 Kilometers (8/24)

Does the current PPA include topographical linkages or not? (9/24)

Methods

Study Sites Seorak Mt. National Park Worak Mt. National Park Songni Mt. Odae Mt. National National Park Park S. Korea (11/24)

1. Generic Topographic Classification Concept Shoulder Backslope Summit Footslope Soil-landscape units Shoulder Backslope Shoulder Shoulder Footslope Footslope Shoulder Footslope Backslope Footslope T oeslope T oeslope Simple slope Complex slope Channel The soil-landscape units by generic classification (revised by Park et al., 2001) (12/24)

1. Generic Topographic Classification Method Summit Shoulder Backslope Channel Footslope Toeslope (13/24)

2. Designing linkages in PPA Identifying termini 1 0 Density Concept (revised by Lee et al., 2005) (14/24)

2. Designing linkages in PPA Least-cost path analysis : relative distance from a parameter point in a multi-dimensional space (Hayashi et al., 2001) Mahalanobis distance ellipse (Jenness et al. 2013) (15/24)

Results

1. Result of Generic Topographic Classification Songni/Worak Mt. Back Foot Back Toe List Summit Shoulder Channel Slope I slope Slope II slope PPA 1.51% 37.21% 19.42% 17.69% 4.19% 17.68% 2.29%

1. Result of Generic Topographic Classification Seorak/Odae Mt. Back List Summit Shoulder Slope I PPA 1.67% 35.72% 16.97% Foot Back Toe Channel slope Slope II slope 22.67% 3.49% 17.84% 1.65% (18/24)

2. Designing linkages in PPA Identifying Termini Summit Shoulder Songni/Worak Mt. = Higher density Toeslope Backslope II (19/24)

2. Designing linkages in PPA Cost surface results Summit Shoulder Songni/Worak Mt. = Smaller differences from target topographic class Toeslope Backslope II (20/24)

2. Designing linkages in PPA Least-cost Path Analysis results Seorak Mt. National Park Worak Mt. National Park Legend of Linkages Summit Shoulder Songni Mt. Backslope I National Footslope Odae Mt. Park Backslope II National Toeslope Park

Conclusions & Implications

The PPA does not include topographical linkages, except summits Shoulder (erosion) is the largest portion in the PPA Lowland topography has to be reconsidered…. (23/24)

Extend the PPA to include the topographical linkages… Include topographical linkages to conserve biodiversity in the forests Support the sustainability of forest ecosystem from climate change (24/24)

One day, link North and South Korean forest North Korea and mountains….. South Korea Source : Google Earth http://enieimg.edunet4u.net (24/24)