Runway Incursion Prevention VAA Runway Incursions Rep Cargolux - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Runway Incursion Prevention VAA Runway Incursions Rep

Cargolux B747-400 landed on this!

SCOPE ― Background ― Aim ― Definition ― Planning ― Operation ― Interesting Facts from other airlines ― Recommendations ― References

Background - CAA “Significant Seven” ― Loss of control ― Runway overrun or excursion ― Controlled flight into terrain ― Runway incursion and ground collision ― Ground handling ― Airborne conflict ― Post-crash fire.

Background – Stats from NATS ― 3 VAA Runway Incursions in Q4 2011 ― 1 VAA Runway Safety Event Q1 2012 ― 1 VAA Runway Incursion in Q2 2012

Background – All incidents have been at LHR eg: N11 vs NB11

Background - VAA incidents ― 1. Crossed stop bar/confusion over sequence ― 2. Crossed stop bar/misunderstood clearance ― 3. Passed CAT I stop bar without clearance ― 4. Passed CAT III hold during LVPs ― 5. Crossed stop bar with valid clearance (runway safety event)

Background - Feedback from VAA Runway Incursions Rep ― NATS Runway Incursions Workshop 2011 ― ATC Global 2012 Runway Safety Seminar ― Quarterly CAA Runway Incursions Steering Group meetings ― Recommendations from AAIB Bulletins ― European Action Plan for Prevention of Runway Incursions (EAPPRI 2) 2010

Aim ― To promote “best practice” to mitigate against the risks of runway incursions.

Definition (ICAO) ― “Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of aircraft.”

Planning ― How familiar are you with the airport you are operating from? ― Too familiar? ― “I was used to operating from another airport with 24 hour stop bars (Manchester). If there had been stop bars at this airport I would have stopped” (non-VAA Capt following a serious r/w incursion) ― Too familiar? - Do you periodically check the LHR Jeppesen Airfield Brief for any updates?

Planning ― Not familiar?

Planning ― Work in progress? ― Taxiway/runway closures? ― Runway shortening?

Operation Briefing • Taxiing Out • Holding Point • Line Up/Take Off • Departure • Arrival • Runway Vacated • Taxiing In •

Operation - Briefing ― Taxi routing ― Hot Spots ― Significant Notams ― Any further information hidden in the ATIS?

Operation - Taxiing Out (“managing the taxi phase”) Both pilots have taxi charts available? • Write the clearance in the scratch pad? • Are you using std R/T phraseology? • Are you reading back your clearances • exactly? Following a study of R/T errors at Milan • Malpensa, pilots, ATC and drivers were educated resulting in R/T errors reducing from 20% to 3%

Operation - Taxiing Out (“managing the taxi phase”) Any ambiguity, resolve it “out of the flight • deck” Remember, it’s not just aircraft that incur • runways (Look out for drivers and people also!)

Operation - Taxiing Out (“managing the taxi phase”) ― Lost/disorientated during LVPs? STOP! ― Is giving a welcoming PA during taxi really a good idea? ― direct source of errors in many Safety Reports ― not permitted in Air France

Operation - Taxiing Out (“managing the taxi phase”) ― What does “Sterile Cockpit” mean? ― Timing and execution of checklists to deconflict with intersections/runway crossing etc ― Is everyone speaking clearly in English?

Operation - Taxiing Out (“managing the taxi phase”) ― On 8th October 2001, in thick fog at Milan Linate airport, Italy, an MD87 on its take-off roll collided with a Cessna Citation which had taxied onto the active runway.

Operation - Taxiing Out (“managing the taxi phase”) ― 1977, a KLM B747-200 commenced its take off at Los Rodeos airport, Tenerife in 300m vis, after receiving only a departure clearance and continuing the take off roll even after ATC advised "standby for take off". ― Collision with a Pan American Airways Boeing 747-100 which was taxiing on the runway in accordance with its ATC clearance issued on the same radio frequency.”

Operation - Holding Point ― Is it the correct Holding Point? (BA777 St Kitts) ― NEVER CROSS A RED STOP BAR! (even if you have been cleared by ATC)

Operation – Holding Point ― Do you know what Runway Status Lights (RWSL) look like? ― (Boston, Orlando, LAX) ― Runway Entrance Lights (REL)? ― Take off hold lights (THL)?

Operation – Runway Entrance Lights

Operation – Take off Hold Lights

Operation – Holding Point ― Do all holding points have 24 hour stop bars? ― NO! ― Do all holding points have “RUNWAY AHEAD” markings? ― NO! ― What do all the markings/signage/lights mean?

Holding Point Picture Hold Point and runway Wigwags info Stop Bar lights

Operation – Line Up/Take Off Clearance ― Are you following the clearance you actually received or the one you expected to receive? ― Correct R/W? ― Correct QDM? (following NTSB recommendation) ― If a conditional clearance, is it clearly understood by both pilots? ― Intersection departure ahead? ― Aircraft lighting ― Can you be clearly seen by other aircraft/drivers?

Operation – Line Up/Take Off Clearance ― Approach clear? ― Stop Bar extinguished? ― TCAS? ― RWSL Take off Hold Lights (THL)? ― Aircraft crossing downfield?

Operation – Line Up/Take Off Clearance ― Remember, it is not always the pilots who are at fault.......... ― “On 29 February 2004 in Manchester, a Ryanair B737 crossed the take off runway, in accordance with ATC clearance, without noticing an A321 accelerating on its take off roll, also in accordance with an ATC instruction. The A321 aborted its takeoff and collision was avoided.”

Operation - Arrival ― Are you aiming for the right runway? ― Are you aiming for the runway? ― Eg. Tobago “Black hole effect of runway environment at night” ― Is the runway clear of aircraft, vehicles and people?

Operation - Runway Vacated ― Is your “back end” definitely clear of the runway?

Operation - Taxiing In ― The flight isn’t over yet......... ― Both pilots have taxi charts available? ― “On 1 April 1999, two Boeing 747s nearly collided on Rwy 14R at Chicago when an aircraft which had just landed and cleared the runway failed to follow its taxi clearance and taxied back onto the active runway in front of another B747 on its take off roll. The departing aircraft rotated early, narrowly avoiding collision”.

Interesting Facts ― AF pilots when taxiing must comment on current position and intentions when approaching a significant intersection ― Local Runway Safety Teams organise “van runs” to educate pilots, ATC and drivers ― Honeywell “SMARTRUNWAY” system widely used in AF and BA. Eg. Audio warning when taxiing “Approaching runway 25R”

Feedback from Meetings “A Runway Incursion is never deliberate – the pilot  always thinks he/she should be there” “We learn the lessons; we disseminate the lessons, so  why are we making the same mistakes?” “The taxi phase should be treated as a critical phase of  flight” “Runway incursions are just as likely to occur in good  visibility as in LVPs”

Recommendations ― NEVER CROSS A RED STOP BAR! (even if cleared by ATC – NB. they are harder to see in daylight) ― Familiarise yourself with Runway Status Lights (see Boston Jeppesen Airfield booklet) ― Think carefully before giving a PA during taxi ― Take a moment to look at the different signage/lighting at holding points ― To help reduce VAA runway incursions stats, LHR have been informed of the difficulty of turning a A346 onto CAT III holds and this information is to be included in the next LHR Jepp booklet revision

References ― EAPPRI 2 Prevention of Runway Incursions ― skybrary.aero.com ― eurocontrol.int/runwaysafety ― AAIB ― caa.co.uk/runwaysafety ― faa.gov/air_traffic/technology/rwsl

Happy Flying!

Barbados Taxiway Lighting • "Taxiway "E" is the most used taxiway for aircraft exiting the runway after landing, this explains why it is illuminated for long periods of time. • It is considered that close reference to the aerodrome layout by pilots would obviate any confusion. • A recommendation to delineate Taxiway "A" with green lights along its entire length has been made" (Shirley Ford Chief AIS Officer AIS Barbados