Scald Injury Prevention Scald Injury Prevention Scald Safety Scald - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Scald Injury Prevention Scald Injury Prevention

Scald Safety Scald Prevention Scald Prevention Developed by: Developed by: American Burn Association American Burn Association Burn Prevention Committee Burn Prevention Committee Funded by: Funded by: United States Fire Administration/ United States Fire Administration/ Federal Emergency Management Agency Federal Emergency Management Agency

Scald Safety Fire and Burn Death and Injury Fire and Burn Death and Injury Deaths Deaths 4,000 deaths a year 4,000 deaths a year from fire and burns from fire and burns Injuries Injuries 25,000 hospitalized in burn centers 25,000 hospitalized in burn centers 600,000 burn injuries treated in hospital EDs 600,000 burn injuries treated in hospital EDs (Close to half of all burn injuries treated in hospital (Close to half of all burn injuries treated in hospital emergency departments and one­third of emergency departments and one­third of admissions to burn centers are scald injuries) admissions to burn centers are scald injuries) (Sources: National Fire Protection Association, (Sources: National Fire Protection Association, National Center for Health Statistics; National Center for Health Statistics; American Burn Association, National Burn Repository, 2005) American Burn Association, National Burn Repository, 2005)

Scald Safety What is a Scald Injury? What is a Scald Injury? � A scald injury occurs… � A scald injury occurs… – When contact with hot – When contact with hot liquid or steam damages liquid or steam damages one or more layers of skin one or more layers of skin

Scald Safety Scald Prevention Topics Scald Prevention Topics � What are the main sources � What are the main sources of scald injury? of scald injury? � Who are the most frequent victims? � Who are the most frequent victims? � How can scald injury be prevented? � How can scald injury be prevented? � What are the appropriate � What are the appropriate first­aid responses? first­aid responses?

Scald Safety Frequent Scald Burn Sources Frequent Scald Burn Sources � Hot tap water � Hot tap water � Hot beverages � Hot beverages � Hot food � Hot food � Steam � Steam

Scald Safety Most Frequent Scald Injury Victims Most Frequent Scald Injury Victims � Young children � Young children � Older adults � Older adults � People with disabilities � People with disabilities

Scald Safety Young Children and Scald Injury Young Children and Scald Injury � 60% of all scald injuries 75% of all burns 75% of all burns � 60% of all scald injuries 75% of all burns are to young children to young children to young children are to young children to young children are scalds are scalds are scalds Young Young Scalds Scalds Children Children 75% 75% (Ages 0­4) (Ages 0­4) All Other All Other All Other All Other 60% 60% Ages Ages Burns Burns 40% 40% 25% 25% (Source: National Center for Health Statistics) (Source: National Center for Health Statistics)

Scald Safety Young Children and Scald Injury Young Children and Scald Injury � Curiosity, imitation � Curiosity, imitation � Limited understanding � Limited understanding of danger of danger � Limited ability to react � Limited ability to react quickly to hot contact quickly to hot contact � Thin skin = deeper burn � Thin skin = deeper burn

Scald Safety Older Adults and Scald Injury Older Adults and Scald Injury � Thin skin � Thin skin � Reduced mobility, agility � Reduced mobility, agility � Reduced ability to feel � Reduced ability to feel heat, due to health heat, due to health conditions or medication conditions or medication

Scald Safety People with Special Needs and Scald Injury People with Special Needs and Scald Injury � Sensory impairment � Sensory impairment � Mobility or other � Mobility or other physical impairment physical impairment � Diminished � Diminished mental capacity mental capacity

Scald Safety Common Sites of Scald Injury Common Sites of Scald Injury � Kitchen or dining area � Kitchen or dining area ­Spills while handling or moving ­Spills while handling or moving hot foods and liquids, hot foods and liquids, often involving children often involving children Bathing area Bathing area ­Inability to remove self from hot water ­Inability to remove self from hot water

Scald Safety Scald Injury Severity Factors Scald Injury Severity Factors � Length of contact with hot substance � Length of contact with hot substance � Temperature of substance � Temperature of substance � Nature of substance � Nature of substance – Is it thick or sticky? – Is it thick or sticky? – Does it retain heat? – Does it retain heat? � Extent of body area scalded � Extent of body area scalded � Location of scald � Location of scald

Scald Safety Protecting Children From Scalds Protecting Children From Scalds � Household changes � Household changes � Everyday precautions � Everyday precautions � Child supervision � Child supervision

Scald Safety Protecting Children from Scalds: Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas Kitchen and Dining Areas Household modifications Household modifications � Mark and explain � Mark and explain a “kid­free zone” a “kid­free zone” � Put away tablecloths � Put away tablecloths � Use spill­resistant � Use spill­resistant “travel mugs” “travel mugs”

Scald Safety Protecting Children from Scalds: Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas Kitchen and Dining Areas Everyday preparations Everyday preparations � Keep friends, relatives, and sitters informed � Keep friends, relatives, and sitters informed � Turn pan handles away from stove front � Turn pan handles away from stove front � Observe safe microwave oven practices � Observe safe microwave oven practices � Protect electric cooking appliances and cords � Protect electric cooking appliances and cords

Scald Safety Protecting Children from Scalds: Protecting Children from Scalds: Kitchen and Dining Areas Kitchen and Dining Areas Scald­safe child supervision Scald­safe child supervision � Supervise young children at all times � Supervise young children at all times � Encourage use of “kid­safe” zone � Encourage use of “kid­safe” zone � Never hold a child in your arm: � Never hold a child in your arm: – While preparing or serving hot food – While preparing or serving hot food – While drinking a hot beverage – While drinking a hot beverage � Keep hot food and liquids high and � Keep hot food and liquids high and out of the reach of young children out of the reach of young children

Scald Safety Protecting Children and Adults from Scalds: Protecting Children and Adults from Scalds: Bathing Areas Bathing Areas Household Modifications Household Modifications � Establish safe hot water temperature � Establish safe hot water temperature � If this is not possible, install tempering valve or � If this is not possible, install tempering valve or safe faucet and shower heads safe faucet and shower heads � Install non­slip bath, shower mats � Install non­slip bath, shower mats � Install grab bar in shower stall � Install grab bar in shower stall

Scald Safety Setting a Safe Hot Water Temperature Setting a Safe Hot Water Temperature Time and temperature relationship Time and temperature relationship required to scald a healthy adult required to scald a healthy adult 155° ° F F 68° ° C C 1 Second 155 68 1 Second 140° ° F F 60° ° C C 5 Seconds 140 60 5 Seconds 127° ° F F 52° ° C C 1 Minute 127 52 1 Minute 120° ° F F 48° ° C C 5 Minutes 120 48 5 Minutes 100° F 38° C Safe Bathing Temperature

Scald Safety Tap Water Scald Tap Water Scald

Scald Safety Maximum Water Temperature Standards Maximum Water Temperature Standards � Recommended maximum residential � Recommended maximum residential standard standard 120°F (48°C) 120°F (48°C) (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission) (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission) � Nursing homes and child care facilities � Nursing homes and child care facilities 110°F (43°C) 110°F (43°C) (Recommended and by some state or local (Recommended and by some state or local regulations) regulations)

Scald Safety Measuring Hot Water Temperature Measuring Hot Water Temperature � Run hot water � Run hot water up to two minutes at tap up to two minutes at tap � Test temperature with � Test temperature with cooking thermometer cooking thermometer

Scald Safety Establishing a Safe Hot Water Temperature Establishing a Safe Hot Water Temperature � If initial test temperature is � If initial test temperature is above 120° F (48° C), lower above 120° F (48° C), lower heater thermostat setting heater thermostat setting � Initial test temperature � Initial test temperature below 120°F/48°C may not below 120°F/48°C may not prove safety is constant prove safety is constant � Retest several times until � Retest several times until safe temperature setting safe temperature setting is assured is assured