Remote Sensing Applications in support of Coastal Zone Management - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sentinel-3A OLCI 31 March 2017 Great Barrier Reef, Australia Remote Sensing Applications in support of Coastal Zone Management Schroeder T., Steven A., Botha E., Anstee J., Baird M., Paget M., Blondeau-Patissier D. 27 November 2017 Pacific Remote Sensing & GIS Conference, Suva, Fiji CSIRO OCEANS & ATMOSPHERE

This presentation This presentation CSIRO – Coasts - Aquatic Remote Sensing Example applications in our region (Australia) International context – GEO, AO-GEOSS Open Data Cube Initiatives Opportunities & Conclusions

This presentation CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organization) Federal Government Agency for scientific research ~5000+ employees Oceans & Atmosphere Business Unit ~570 staff (4 Programs) Capability covers physics, ecology, genetics, chemistry, mathematical modeling, observing systems, social sciences and marine engineering. (www.csiro.au/en/Research/OandA) Coasts Program ~100+ staff Director Andy Steven Supports the sustainable development of Australia’s coastal resources by providing decision-makers with integrated observational and modeling capabilities to assess and anticipate the dynamics and vulnerability of coastal assets.

Coasts - Aquatic Remote Sensing Profile • We conduct research using coastal/inland Earth Observation across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales • Our focus is on analytical methods Radiative transfer analysis through atmosphere, water column & substrate cover in the optical (VIS), NIR, SWIR, thermal and the microwave spectral domains • Emphasis on remote sensing of spectral attributes relating to physical processes, particularly those controlling the dynamics water quality • Emphasis on rigorous field and lab measurements and sensor calibration/validation • Translation into management relevant applications

Coasts - Aquatic Remote Sensing Research, Algorithm Development & Applications • Water quality monitoring (coastal & inland) • Guideline compliance monitoring • Flood/Freshwater plume extent mapping • Primary productivity – carbon fluxes Optically • Light availability at seabed mapping deep • Algal bloom detection & dynamics • Oil pollution detection Measurements • Data assimilation products into BGCMs Linking remote sensing & modelling • Habitat mapping – change detection Optically • Spectral libraries shallow • Bathymetry retrieval • Coral bleaching

Why remote sensing? • Australia has the 3 rd largest marine jurisdiction of any nation on Earth • 14 million km 2 double the size of its land mass, coastline ~36.000 km • Biodiversity conservation & ecosystem health - Grand Challenge (Marine Nation 2025) Prepared by the Oceans Policy Science Advisory Group

Biodiversity threats Bleaching Crown of Thorns Starfish Declining water quality Climate change Sea Surface Temperature Coastal developments Cyclones Fishing

Remote Sensing Inversion Optically deep/shallow waters Atmospheric correction Artificial Neural Networks In-water algorithm Linear-Matrix-Inversion Artificial Neural Networks In-water & Substratum Semi-Analytical Model for Bathymetry Un-mixing and Concentration Assessment (SAMBUCA) A-prior knowledge of in-water optical properties and substratum reflectance required to constrain the solution

Image credit: http://www.lib.utexas.edu

Pronounced wet and dry season cycle Rainfall maximum between JAN-MAR River plumes are the major transport mechanism for dissolved nutrients, sediments and pollutants into the Great Barrier Reef Discharged material is proportional to the rainfall, and the extent and type of agricultural land in the catchment Frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones are expected to increase as a consequence of global warming

River flood plumes – Great Barrier Reef – MODIS Jan 2007 Monitoring relevant for the management of coral and seagrass ecosystems. Low salinity runoff waters may discharge high loads of sediments, dissolved nutrients and anthropogenic contaminants into the sea and can directly stress marine ecosystems that are adapted to higher light and salinity levels. No salinity from optical remote sensing Clouds Plume boundary Reefs Clouds Reefs 0 30 km

CDOM as surrogate for salinity

100 km 0 MODIS-Aqua 02.02.2005

S3A_OL_1_EFR____20170331T233620_20170331T233920_20170401T013612_0179_016_087_3240_MAR_O_NR_002 S3A_OL_1_EFR____20160608T231306_20160608T231357_20160609T015217_0050_005_101_3420_MAR_O_NR _001 8 June 2016 31 March 2017 Burdekin River N km 0 25 50

Assimilation of Satellite Ocean Colour (surface reflectance) The eReefs Project Modeled Ocean Colour Bio-geochemical model (Courtesy: Dr Mark Baird & Team) Model Satellite

Comparison GBR1 model vs satellite remote sensing eReefs Whitsunday region http://research.csiro.au/ereefs/ Model CHL TSS Light Satellite CHL TSS Light

Great Barrier Reef Report Card http://www.reefplan.qld.gov.au Report Card 2016 Water Quality scores derived from (Released Oct 2017) combined remote sensing and modeling framework. Report cards measure progress towards the Reef Water Quality Protection Plan’s goal and targets. eReefs: Integrated system of data, simulations and forecasting incl. visualization 1 st step towards a National Coastal Information System

Group on Earth Observations (GEO) • GEO is a voluntary partnership of governments and organizations that is working to link Earth observation resources world-wide for the benefit of society • GEO currently has 100+ member countries and 100+ participating organizations

Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems (GEOSS) • The GEO community seeks to build a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). • To better integrate observing systems (in-situ and remote sensing) and share data by connecting existing infrastructures using common standards. • GEOSS links these systems to strengthen the monitoring of the state of the Earth.

Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems (GEOSS) • GEOSS seeks to link Earth observation resources across multiple societal benefit areas

A sia- O ceania GEOSS Lead: Australia, China, Japan Members: Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Japan, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, South Korea AO-GEOSS will enhance the observing capacity of the Asia-Oceania region Improving  Sustainable Agricultural regional  Cross-regional disaster mitigation  Ecology & environment observing ability Data and Regional information applications products processing AO GEOSS  Infrastructure monitoring Earth Technology  Surveying and mapping observation cooperation  Ocean remote sensing monitoring data sharing network  Water resources service 21

A sia- O ceania GEOSS Task 8: Ocean and Islands Observations for AO region Foundational task are supporting applications and services.

Task 8 Goal Oceans and Islands • To advance and exploit synergies among the many observational programs devoted to island, coastal and ocean, to improve engagement with a variety of users for enhancing the timeliness, quality and range of services delivered; • to raise awareness of the societal benefits of ocean observations at the public and policy levels • Focus on coastal countries and small island states Tasks • Identify and articulate user needs . Produce new marine and coastal observation networks by supporting and linking partners . • Evaluate the sea level rise risk for the developing states in the western and eastern Pacific. • Improve Modeling the Hydrodynamics and Biogeochemistry of the ocean environment and Coastal Applications of the Data Cube. 2 Presentation title | Presenter name 3 |

A sia- O ceania GEOSS Task 11. Develop a Regional GEOSS Data Set

Australia Regional Copernicus Hub http://www.copernicus.gov.au Provides free and open access to data from the European Sentinel 1, 2, and 3 satellite missions Sentinel-3A 22.08.2016

The big data challenge Cumulative Level-0 data volumes (Petabytes) For many applications lack of data is no longer the limiting factor … a lack of tools to exploit the data is. (Lewis et al., RSE 2017)

The Open Data Cube Initiative www.opendatacube.org Open = open source Data Cube = Aligned pixels ready for analysis Analysis ready data (Level-3) ... Reduce processing burden on users Analytics platform not just data storage Paradigm shift ... Pixels vs files and bring the science/user to the EO data Integration of multiple data sets supported Multiple platform ... Desktop, HPC, Cloud Community sharing/development of applications Prototypes: Columbia, Kenya, Vietnam ... Partners: GA, CSIRO, NASA, USGS Data pipelines: Landsat, MODIS, SAR (PALSAR 1/2, ALOS-2, Sentinel-1), Himawari-8, ... (Lewis et al., RSE 2017)

Applications – Open Data Cube Australia www.opendatacube.org AGDC - 30 years of Landsat data free and open for the entire Australian continent • Vegetation change (agricultural production) • Bushfire scar mapping and forestry inventory • Mining footprint and urban development • Carbon accounting • Wetland management and characterisation • Flood inundation mapping (farm, dam development) • Coastal change mangrove extent and water quality • Shallow water bathymetry • Seagrass and substratum mapping