Satellite remote sensing for landslide analysis Dr. Sigrid Roessner - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Satellite remote sensing for landslide analysis Dr. Sigrid Roessner Helmholtz Center Potsdam GFZ – German Research Centre for Geosciences Department 1 – Geodesy and Remote Sensing Section 1.4 –Remote Sensing E-mail: roessner@gfz-potsdam.de Overview Lecture I Introduction to GFZ Potsdam II Landslide processes III Landslide hazard assessment IV Dynamic landslide inventories V InSAR monitoring of landslides Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

I Introduction to GFZ Potsdam Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Helmholtz Association of research centres in Gemany Objectives:  Society and Policy Advice  Industrial Application  Science and Capacity Building  >16 National Research Centres  >30.000 Employees  >6 Billion Euro annual Budget (includes 30% third party funds) Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Albert Einstein Science Park at Telegrafenberg GFZ Potsdam Department 1 Einstein Tower – Historical observatory Hosts German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) , Astrophysical Institute Potsdam (API) Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Brief history of GFZ Potsdam 1832 Telegrafenberg is named after a station of an optical telegraph line built to link Berlin with Koblenz via Potsdam. 1870 Royal Prussian Geodetic Institute is founded in Berlin Geodetic Institute transferred to Potsdam - Friedrich R. Helmert established centre for geodesy and gravity research. 1889 First teleseismic recording taken of an earthquake near Japan by Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz. 1890 Geomagnetic Observatory is founded in Potsdam. 1892 Inauguration of the Geodetic Institute at the Telegrafenberg – today main building of Department 1 1946 Foundation of the Geotectonic Institute 1969 Establishment of Central Institute of Physics of the Earth (G.D.R.) 1992 Foundation of the GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam GFZ Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

GFZ – Program Oriented Research  PT 1 Planet Earth Monitoring Global Processes and Change PT1  PT 2 Earth System Dynamics Coupled Processes and Reg. Impact  PT 3 Natural Hazards Assessment and Risk Mitigation  PT 4 Georesources P T 3 Sustainable Use and Geoengineering P T 4 P T 2 Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Main reseach topics of GFZ Remote Sensing Section Method Developments Spectrometry Sensor Definition/Validation Simulation Software Parameter Retrieval BRDF Modeling Material Identification Microwave SAR ‐ Interferometry Radiation from Sun Feature Tracking Thermal Radiation from Earth Microwaves Reflected Applications • Mineral Exploration/Mine Waste • Soil Degradation/ ‐ Moisture Sun Energy (6000 K) • Natural Hazards – landslides Energy • Case ‐ II Water Green Blue Red UV Earth Energy (300 K) • Urban Development IR • Plant Species 0.3 0.6 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 10 20 40 60 0.1mm 0.2 0.5 1cm 1m 10 100 • Surface Deformation Wavelength Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Science program – fields of application Hazard assessment Management of agricultural and forest Urban ecosystems develop ‐ Co ‐ operative ment international Retrieval of Networks biogeochemical and Inland & coastal geophysical parameters waters ‐ methodological development ‐ synergies to xs and radar dry land degradation (InSAR) mineral exploration Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Study areas of Remote Sensing Section Germany Mongolia Turkey (PBO) Spain Kyrgyzstan (GCO) Yangtze Caribbean Iran Dead Sea Shanghai China Rift Israel Brazil Peru Chile (PBO) Namibia West RSA (GCO) Australia Optical RS SAR / InSAR Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

II Landslide processes Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Global landslide hazard distribution Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Global landslide mortality risk distribution Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Definition of landslides / mass movements Due to the complexity of the processes over time various attempts of defintions have been made: Cruden (1991) for the Working Party on World Landslide Inventory : • Movement of a mass of rock, debris or earth down a slope • Varnes (1978) Slope movement types and processes: Downward and outward movement of slope forming materials under the influence of gravity • Brunsden (1984) Slope Instability: preferred the term mass movement • Dikau et al. (1996) Landslide Recognition. Identification, Movement and Causes: distinguished this from mass transport as being a process which did not require a transporting medium such as water, air or ice (Dikau et al, 1996). In general, the phenomena described as landslides are not limited to either the “land” or to “sliding”, and usage of the word has implied a much more extensive meaning than it component parts suggest. Ground subsidence and collapse are excluded. Source: http://www.ukgeohazards.info/pages/eng_geol/landslide_geohazard/eng_geol_landslides_index.htm Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Slope movements as a consequence of a complex field of forces resulting from environmental and triggering factors Rainfall / Pressure of water Shear strength (Shear resistance) Human activities (Land use) Geology Shear stress (Lithology, Faults, (Disturbing force) Structure) Relief (Slope etc., flow accumulation) Normal stress Weight Movement occurs when the shear stress exceeds the shear strength of the material Earthquakes Volcanic eruptions Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis

Classification of landslides – Material types Landslide classification based on Varnes' (1978) system has two terms: • First term describes the material type • Second term describes the type of movement Material types used by the various schemes are: (1) Rock: Hard or firm mass that was intact and in its natural place before the initiation of movement (2) Soil: An aggregate of solid particles, generally of minerals and rocks, that either was transported or was formed by the weathering of rock in place. Gases or liquids filling the pores of the soil form part of the soil. (3) Earth: Material in which 80% or more of the particles are smaller than 2mm, the upper limit of sand sized particles. (4) Mud: Material in which 80% or more of the particles are smaller than 0.06mm, the upper limit of silt sized particles. (5) Debris: Contains a significant proportion of coarse material; 20% to 80% of the particles are larger than 2mm, and the remainder are less than 2mm. The terms used should describe the displaced material in the landslide before it was displaced. The types of movement describe how the landslide movement is distributed through the displaced mass (see next slide) Combining the two terms gives classifications such as Rock fall, Debris slide, Debris flow, Earth slide, Earth spread etc. Source: http://www.ukgeohazards.info/pages/eng_geol/landslide_geohazard/eng_geol_landslides_classification.htm Dr. Sigrid Roessner, GFZ Potsdam ISNET/ISA Workshop Landslide hazard analysis