Daria Ryabchuk Daria Ryabchuk Coastal erosion - - problems and decisions by problems and decisions by Coastal erosion ICZM tools for coastal zone of the Kurort ICZM tools for coastal zone of the Kurort District (northern coast Eastern Gulf of Finland) District (northern coast Eastern Gulf of Finland) A.P.Karpinsky Research Geological Institute A.P.Karpinsky Research Geological Institute Department of Marine and Department of Marine and Environmental Geology Environmental Geology , , Saint- -Petersburg, RUSSIA Petersburg, RUSSIA Saint
Investigated area Investigated area
Map of coastal zone dynamics types 0 0 60 11.55 0 60 11.55 29 50 29 40 29 58.2 Zelenogorsk 0 0 Komarovo Repino 0 60 10 0 60 10 Solnechnoye 5 10 Types of coastal zone 1 moraine erosional stable (with periodic erosion 2 of sandy beach) 3 sand accumulative 4 silty-clay accumulative 5 Ì àñø òàá â êèëîì åòðàõ Sestroretsk 10 29 58.2 0.00 5.00 29 40 c.Dubovskoy 0 Scale in Kilometers 0 Parallel True to Scale: 60.11° 0 0 0 60 05 60 05 29 50
Diagram of the bottom surface relief (in front of Diagram of the bottom surface relief (in front of Solnechnoye village) Solnechnoye village)
Map of the bottom sediments (near-shore of the Kurort District) 1 – sands with gravel; 2 – sands with gravel and boulders; 3 – sands with boulders; 4 – unsorted sands; 5 – coarse to medium sands; 6 – medium to fine sands; 7 – fine sands; 8 – silty sands; 9 – clayey silts; 10 – silty-clay mud; 11 – technogenic sediments (dumping place); 12 – sand ridges; 13 – erosion valleys; 14 – technogenically transformed relief; 15 – fairways; 16 – crib-bars; 17 – areas of high accumulation; 18 – crib-bars, covered with sediments; 19 – sunken vessels
Map of the coastal Map of the coastal zone subtypes zone subtypes distribution distribution (Kurort District, (Kurort District, northern coastal zone northern coastal zone of the Gulf of Finland) of the Gulf of Finland)
Erosion zone Erosion zone
Stable coastal zone (with periodic erosion of sandy Stable coastal zone (with periodic erosion of sandy beach) beach)
Temporary sand accumulative bodies Temporary sand accumulative bodies
Beach (1) and former landing place (2) in Beach (1) and former landing place (2) in Zelenogorsk and erosional zone (3) to the east of it Zelenogorsk and erosional zone (3) to the east of it 1 3 2
Destroyed coast- -protecting structures protecting structures Destroyed coast
Erosion zone near highway Erosion zone near highway
Erosion zone near highway Erosion zone near highway
Sand accumulative coastal zone Sand accumulative coastal zone
Eutrophication zone in the Sestroretsk beach Eutrophication zone in the Sestroretsk beach
Erosion zone of cape Dubovskoy. Beginning of XX Erosion zone of cape Dubovskoy. Beginning of XX century century
Destroying of coast protecting structures (cape Destroying of coast protecting structures (cape Dubovskoy) Dubovskoy) 2005 2000
Crashed downstairs at cape Dubovskoy Crashed downstairs at cape Dubovskoy
CM2 Side- -scan Sonar System (C scan Sonar System (C- -MAX Ltd) MAX Ltd) CM2 Side Acoustic frequency 102 kHz, range 150, 100, 50 or 25 meters
Bottom sediments sampling Bottom sediments sampling Samples of silty-clay mud Lauri-Niemisto corer Box-corer
SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS Principles of sustainable activity in the coastal zone include: Principles of sustainable activity in the coastal zone include: � � Integrated approach to management of development of the coastal Integrated approach to management of development of the coastal zone. It means, that any projects zone. It means, that any projects here should be accompanied by the general estimation of influenc here should be accompanied by the general estimation of influence on the environment for e on the environment for observance of interests of all branches, including environmental management. management. observance of interests of all branches, including environmental � � Preservation of untouched non- -urban zones. If within the limits of the coastal zone still ther urban zones. If within the limits of the coastal zone still there are the e are the Preservation of untouched non sites which have been not touched by intensive development, it is necessary to aspire to their saving, s necessary to aspire to their saving, sites which have been not touched by intensive development, it i localized new projects of development in already mastered territ localized new projects of development in already mastered territories. Coastal landscapes have ories. Coastal landscapes have independent value independent value. . � � Development of branches should be coordinated with the general condition of a concrete site of the Development of branches should be coordinated with the general c ondition of a concrete site of the coastal zone. For maintenance of ecological balance it is necessary to aspire to removing from the ary to aspire to removing from the coastal zone. For maintenance of ecological balance it is necess coastal zone of those kinds of activity which bring to it an irreplaceable damage. eplaceable damage. coastal zone of those kinds of activity which bring to it an irr � � At operation of resources of the coastal zone the user should carry charges on indemnification of rry charges on indemnification of At operation of resources of the coastal zone the user should ca damage to these resources, including biological and landscape variety expenses. riety expenses. damage to these resources, including biological and landscape va � � At calculation of damage to an environment it should be considered not only influence on a concrete ed not only influence on a concrete At calculation of damage to an environment it should be consider resource or a component of landscape, but also on an inhabitancy resource or a component of landscape, but also on an inhabitancy as a whole. as a whole. � � At each opportunity it is necessary to aspire to an artificial reconstruction of a biological or landscape econstruction of a biological or landscape At each opportunity it is necessary to aspire to an artificial r variety, by means of reclamation the disturbed territories. variety, by means of reclamation the disturbed territories. � � At construction in coastal zones the clean materials which are n At construction in coastal zones the clean materials which are not representing to danger to ot representing to danger to environment including marine or coastal ecosystems should be use environment including marine or coastal ecosystems should be used. d. � � Determination, evaluation, control and prognosis of natural and Determination, evaluation, control and prognosis of natural and technogenic hazards (risks) in the technogenic hazards (risks) in the coastal zone. coastal zone. � � Especial value has conducting the account and the forecast of th Especial value has conducting the account and the forecast of the dangerous natural phenomena e dangerous natural phenomena which characteristic for the coastal zone, especially coastal erosion, and also technogenic accidents. osion, and also technogenic accidents. which characteristic for the coastal zone, especially coastal er
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