Rapidity Gap Events in Squark Pair Production at the LHC Sascha - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Rapidity Gap Events in Squark Pair Production at the LHC Sascha Bornhauser Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of New Mexico Parallel talk PHENO 2010 University of Wisconsin–Madison in collaboration with Manuel Drees, Herbi K. Dreiner and Jong Soo Kim (arXiv: 0709.2544 & 0909.2595) S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 1 / 16

Search for Supersymmetry no direct experimental evidence for SUSY until now expectation that some of the SUSY particles will be found at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN Proton–proton collision at the LHC: (P .Richardson) S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 2 / 16

Squark Pair Production at the LHC (hopefully) a successful second LHC run TeV scale supersymmetry will be decisively tested at LHC even heavy squarks still have a reasonable cross section: cross section is O ( α 2 s ) many final states are accessible from two valence quarks Also EW corrections at leading order might be important since: the interference terms between QCD and EW can be quite sizable an increase up to 20% for mSUGRA scenarios and two SU(2) doublet squarks an increase up to 50% for scenarios without gaugino mass unification and two SU(2) doublet squarks S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 3 / 16

Color connection of the final state squarks I: CNS and CS exchange ˜ ˜ u L u L u u χ 0 ˜ ˜ g i ˜ ˜ u L u L u u (a) color (b) not color connected connected color connected: color non-singlet CNS (gluino) exchange not color connected: color singlet CS (neutralino) exchange S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 4 / 16

Color connection of the final state squarks II: accelerated color charge in the CMS (c) CNS-exchange (d) CS-exchange t-channel: small Θ CMS is preferred CNS-exchange: color charge scattered over angle π − Θ CMS = ⇒ QCD radiation between the two outgoing squarks CS-exchange: color charge scattered over angle Θ CMS = ⇒ QCD radiation between squarks and beam remnants S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 5 / 16

Rapidity gap events: squarks decay and hadronize ⇒ two high energetic jets not color connected (EW) events: low particle activity/energy deposit between the two jets rapidity region free of energy deposit (hadrons) = ⇒ Rapidity Gap Event (J. D. Bjorken) = ⇒ Measurement of EW SUSY couplings However: underlying event (UE) can fill up the gap uncertainties of the Monte Carlo generators S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 6 / 16

Numerical simulation: squark decay, hadronization, jet reconstruction & underlying event SPS1a = ⇒ cross section is enhanced by about 13% (for LL) s-channel contributions are neglected integrated luminosity of 40 fb − 1 Used cuts: two hardest jets: E T > 100GeV; missing E T > 100 GeV rap gap between the two main jets: ∆ η > 3 . 0 assume tau identification efficiency of 100% gap region defined as: min [ η ( j 1 ) , η ( j 2 )] + 0 . 7 ≤ η ≤ max [ η ( j 1 ) , η ( j 2 )] − 0 . 7 at least two charged leptons of same sign ⇒ single out SU ( 2 ) squark pairs = S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 7 / 16

First observable: E gap T , particles : total transverse energy deposited in the gap region include photons and hadrons in the event (after hadronization and decay of unstable hadrons) does not include the leptons produced in ˜ χ 0 and ˜ χ ± decays. Inclusion of EW contributions: ⇒ should lead to increase of events with low E gap = T , particles S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 8 / 16

Herwig++: E T of all particles in the gap region Herwig++ 200 # Events 180 qcd contribution 160 qcd+ew contribution 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 E of particles[GeV] T including EW contributions increases the # of events in all bins first bin: inclusion of CS contributions increases the number of events by a factor of 2 . 8 ± 1 . 1 S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 9 / 16

PYTHIA: E T of all particles in the gap region Pythia 250 # Events qcd contribution 200 qcd+ew contribution 150 100 50 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 E of particles[GeV] T EW contributions increases the # of events in nearly all bins first bin: inclusion of CS contributions increases the # of events by a factor of 2 . 36 ± 0 . 56 S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 10 / 16

Comparison PYTHIA and Herwig++: CS exchange leads to “gap” events with low energy deposite, BUT: PYTHIA predicts many more gap events PYTHIA: distribution quite flat beyond 20 GeV Herwig++: distribution flattens out only at about 40 GeV using different models for parton shower, hadronization & underlying event: = ⇒ difference between the two generators is as large as the effect from the CS events = ⇒ after you get first real data: use the higher bins to decide which generator describes the data better tune the generators to the data S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 11 / 16

PYTHIA without underlying event: Pythia 600 # Events 500 qcd contribution qcd+ew contribution 400 300 200 100 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 E of particles[GeV] T Low number of gap events = ⇒ this is partly caused by UE: describes beam remnants with little or no phase space correlation with the primary jets = ⇒ deposit a significant amount of transverse momentum into the gap 521 (278) entries in the first 5 GeV bin for QCD+EW (QCD) simulation, as compared to 59 (25) UE thus leads to a gap “survival probability” of ∼ 10 % at the LHC S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 12 / 16

Second main observable: fraction of events where most energetic jet in the gap region has E gap T , jet ≤ E gap T , jet , max (normalized to one) = ⇒ reduce effect of underlying event: UE by itself generates few, if any, reconstructable jets consider only jets with E T ≥ 5 GeV = ⇒ cut against UE reconstructed jets may also contain a few particles stemming from the underlying event S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 13 / 16

Minijet-veto against underlying event Herwig++ Pythia T,jet,max T,jet,max 0.6 gap gap 0.6 E 0.5 E ≤ ≤ T,jet T,jet 0.5 gap gap E 0.4 E fraction of events with fraction of events with 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 gap gap E /GeV E /GeV T,jet,max T,jet,max (e) Herwig++ (f) PYTHIA6.4 significant increase of the fraction of events without jet in the gap region once EW, CS exchange contributions are included effect is statistically most significant for E gap T , jet , max ∼ 20 to 40 GeV S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 14 / 16

Tuning with SM QCD Problem: Herwig++ vs. PYTHIA: systematical differences larger than the physical ones However: PYTHIA and Herwig++ make similarly different predictions for standard QCD di–jet events generated standard QCD di–jet events, where: p T of the jets > 500 GeV ⇒ kinematics & the relevant Bjorken − x values are comparable = to squark pair events We include ALL standard QCD 2 → 2 processes the large p T & required large rapidity distance between hardest jets, require quite large Bjorken − x values ⇒ enhances the contribution from qq → qq scattering: = has same color structure as qq → ˜ q ˜ q in SUSY QCD S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 15 / 16

Minijet-veto for pure SM QCD 2 → 2 processes 0.6 T,jet,max gap 0.5 Pythia E ≤ T,jet gap 0.4 Herwig++ E fraction of events with 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 gap E /GeV T,jet,max (g) red: PYTHIA and black: Herwig++ PYTHIA again predicts less radiation threshold energy of 20 GeV: ratio of about 1.3 reduction of systematical differences after tuning with SM data should be possible S. Bornhauser (PANDA UNM) RapGaps 10.05.2010 16 / 16