Progressive English IV Stage 3: Would you like to travel around the world?
Lesson 1: What do you feel like eating tonight Gerunds and Infinitives In English, when two verbs are used together, they may be used in three different ways. There are 3 verb patterns: Pattern 1: verb 1 + verb 2 (infinitive form) Pattern 2: verb 1 + verb 2 (-ing form) Pattern 3: verb 1 + verb 2 (infinitive form) / verb 1 + verb 2 (-ing form)
Pattern 1: verb 1 + verb 2 (infinitive form) After the first verb (verb 1), the second verb (verb 2) has to be in infinitive form (to + verb). Examples: We need to work. She needs to study.
The following verbs are followed by verbs in the infinitive form:
Pattern 2: verb 1 + verb 2 (...ing form) After the first verb (verb 1), the second verb (verb 2) has to be in gerund form (...ing). Examples: I enjoy reading novels. My friend kept driving for three more hours. I feel like eating a big burger!
The following verbs are followed by another verb in –ing form:
Pattern 3: verb 1 + verb 2 (infinitive form) or verb 1 + verb 2 (…ing form) Some verbs in English can be used in two different ways (pattern 1 or 2) . Examples: I like to sing. I like singing. (These two sentences express the same idea.) I love to dance. I love dancing. (These two sentences express the same idea.)
The following verbs can be followed with verbs with the first or second pattern:
Other uses of gerunds (Go Strong 4, page 108) • As the subject of a sentence When the sentence begins with a verb, it is used in gerund form. Examples: Eating when you’re full is a bad habit. Exercising is a great way to be healthy. • After prepositions When there is a verb after a preposition, it must be written in gerund form. Examples: Before getting off the plane, make sure you have all your belongings. Remember that you need to brush your teeth after eating.
Other uses of infinitives • After adjectives If there is a verb after an adjective, it must be written in infinitive form. Examples: In your case, it is not neccesary to lose weight. It is important to find different alternatives.
Additional materials: Video: Gerunds and Infinities CealElss https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwD22f5Q9pc Online exercise: Gerunds and Infinitives Exercise 1 Perfect-English-Grammar.com https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/gerunds-and-infinitives-exercise-1.html
References Paterson, Ken (2013). Oxford Grammar for EAP. United Kingdom: Oxford Sadzhaya, Vika (2017). Go Strong 4: Teacher’s Book. Mexico: Anglo Publishing
Lesson 2: Are you sensitive or sensible? Like as a preposition vs. Like as a verb The word “like” can be used as a preposition and as a verb . • “Like” as a preposition When we use “like” as a prepositin, we ask another person to give us information about something (person, place, object) Example: Question: What’s Jimmy like ? (We want to know more about Jimmy.) Answer: Jimmy is very responsible and dedicated.
• “Like” as a verb When we use “like” as a verb, we want to know if a person feels attraction towards something or enjoys something. Examples: Does he like the same things as you do? Do you like sports?
Exercise Go Strong 4, page 111 Choose PREPOSITION or VERB for the underlined “like” in these sentences. 1. Dou you like skiing? PREPOSITION VERB 2. What is his job like? PREPOSITION VERB 3. Mary doesn’t like listening to others. PREPOSITION VERB 4. What are your sisters like? PREPOSITION VERB
Additional materials Video: Do you like…? vs What’s it like? Simple English Videos https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PTNF_oCO2CM Exercise: Be like questions liveworksheets.com https://es.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Describing_peopl e/Be_like_Questions_gd3163tq
Reference: Sadzhaya, Vika (2017). Go Strong 4: Teacher’s Book. Mexico: Anglo Publishing
Lesson 3: Would you rather watch a horror movie? Would rather The expression would rather expresses preference. Example: I don’t want to go out tonight. I would rather study for the exam. The contraction for “I would” is “I’d” . Example: I´d rather study for the exam.
Would rather is usually used with “than.” The simple form of the verb follows both “would rather” and “than.” Example: I would rather study math than do history homework.
Structures Affirmative: Subject + would rather + verb + complement + than + verb + complement. I would rather play video games than watch a movie. If the verb is the same , it does not have to be repeated after than Example: I would rather eat a hambuger than (eat) a hot dog. (In this case, you don’t have to use the second verb again.)
Negative: Subject + would rather + not + verb + complement. I would rather not tell you what happened.
Interrogative: (Question word) + would + subject + rather + verb + than + verb + complement? What would you rather do than study?
Would prefer The expression “would prefer” expresses what somebody wants in a particular situation. It means “prefer.” Example: She would prefer to stay home. Contractions: I would= I’d, she would= she’d, he would=he’d, etc. Example: She’d prefer to stay home.
After “would prefer” we use the infinitive form with “to.” She would prefer to stay home.
Additional materials Video: English Grammar: Prefer, Would Prefer, Would Rather JenniferESL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StCZIxz-mJU Exercises: Intermediate grammar exercise: would rather, would prefer, prefer speakspeak.com https://speakspeak.com/english-grammar-exercises/intermediate/would-rather-would-prefer-prefer Exercises: Would rather and prefer EnglishPedia.net http://www.englishpedia.net/my-grammar/modals/would-rather-prefer/exercises/would-rather-test-3.html
Reference: Azar, B. (1989). Understanding and Using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents Sadzhaya, Vika (2017). Go Strong 4: Teacher’s Book. Mexico: Anglo Publishing
Lesson 4: Do you like shopping? “Like” and “would like” The word “like” is used to talk about hobbies or things a person enjoys. Examples: I like pizza. She likes Maluma. Remember: If you use a verb after the verb like, you can use the infinitive form or the gerund form. Examples: I like to dance. I like dancing.
Like - Affirmative Form 1. Subject + like + noun. I like sushi. She likes sushi 2. a) Subject + like + verb in infinitive form (to + verb). I like to sing. She likes to sing 3. b) Subject + like + verb in gerund form (ver...ing) I like singing. She likes singing
Like - Negative Form 1. Subject + don’t / doesn’t + like + noun. I don´t like sushi. She doesn’t like sushi. 2. a) Subject + don’t / doesn’t + like + verb in infinitive form (to + verb). I don’t like to sing. She doesn’t like to sing. 3. b) Subject + don’t / doesn’t + like + verb in gerund form (ver...ing) I don’t like singing. She doesn’t like singing.
Like - Interrogative Form 1. Do / Does + subject + like + noun? Do you like sushi? Does she like sushi? 2. a) Do / Does + subject + like + verb in infinitive form (to + verb). Do you like to sing? Does she like to sing? 3. b) Do / Does + subject + like + verb in gerund form (ver...ing) Do you like singing? Does she like singing?
The expression “would like” is used to talk about things that we want (nouns), things we want to do, or things we want to offer to another person (questions). Examples: I would like some soup. (Things we want) I would like to buy a new car.. (Things we want to do) Would you like some cake? (Things we want to offer to another person) Note: We use “would like” with all the subjects (I, you, he, she, it, we, and they). We can use contractions with would: I would= I’d, she would= she’d, he would= he’d, etc.) Example: I´d like to go shopping.
Would like - Affirmative Form 1. a) Subject + would like + things we want (nouns). I would like some soup. 2. b) Subject + would like + things we want to do. I would like to buy a new car.
Would like - Negative Form 1. Subject + wouldn’t like + things don’t want (nouns) I wouldn’t like any soup. 2. Subject + wouldn’t like + things don’t want to do. I wouldn’t like to buy a new car.
Would like - Interrogative Form 1. Would + subject + like + things a person wants to do? Would you like to buy a new car? 2. Would + subject + like + things we want to offer? Would you like some soup?
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