Progress of the forest Progress of the forest DIWPA-IBOY program in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Progress of the forest Progress of the forest DIWPA-IBOY program in DIWPA-IBOY program in north-west part of the Pan- north west part of the Pan Japan Sea Area p Sergey Storozhenko 1) , Koji Nakamura 2) , g y j Vasily Sidorenko 1) , Sergey Kholin 1) , German Lafer 1) , Shin-ichi Tanabe 2) and Kazuya Kimura 2) 1) Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vladivostok Russia Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia 2) Division of Biodiversity, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan

Insect diversity of the Russian Far East (after Storozhenko et al., 2002) Russian Far East occupies the square 3016 thousand square 3016 thousand sq. km. and extends from Wrangel Il. (71° N) southwards to Khasan Lake (42° N) and from Dezhnev Cape (170° W) D h C (170° W) westwards to Stanovoj Range (120° E) Range (120 E). The insect fauna of Russian Far East is represented by p y about 31500 estimated species from 629 recorded families of 31 orders.

Number of the insect families in the Russian Far East (after Storozhenko et al., 2002) ( e S o o e o e ., 00 ) 700 700 602 602 600 472 441 441 441 500 500 431 431 400 309 289 300 300 195 200 100 100 0 Ch Ma Ka Kh Am Pr Sa Ku

Number of the estimated species p in the Russian Far East (after Storozhenko et al 2002) (after Storozhenko et al., 2002) 25000 25000 22600 22600 20000 15000 1100010700 7800 8000 7800 8000 10000 10000 4200 3700 5000 1100 1100 0 Ch Ma Ka Kh Am Pr Sa Ku

SITE IN RUSSIA According recommendations of DIWPA-IBOY the core site in Russia (red circle) According recommendations of DIWPA IBOY the core site in Russia (red circle) have been established in Primorye near Ussuriiski Natural Reserve (green area).

PLOT AT KAMENUSHKA, RUSSIA PLOT AT KAMENUSHKA RUSSIA A one hectare plot have been selected in have been selected in the vicinity of Plot ⇓ Kamenushka village on the top of the hill th t f th hill (200m above sea level) on left side of Volkha River in mixed coniferous- broad-leaved forest.

ENTOMOLOGICAL TRAPPING METHODS To collect arthropods in canopy and ground zones of plot the follow traps and plot the follow traps and techniques recommend by DIWPA-IBOY are used: 1 Li ht t 1. Light traps. 2. Malaise traps. 3. Window traps. 4. Pitfall traps. 5. Banana traps. 6. Bark spraying. p y g 7. Litter sampling. Head of the project “Insect biodiversity of the forest ecosystems in Primorye” Dr. S.Yu. Storozhenko. After collecting and fixation of the entomological materials all samples have been sorted to ordinal level (in some orders, for example, Diptera - to families) All data are storied in database using Excel The 33619 specimens families). All data are storied in database using Excel. The 33619 specimens of arthropods from 118 samples in plot have been collected totally in 2001.

Number of specimens of arthropod orders in plot collected by different types of traps 10000 9000 8000 7000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 2000 Ligth Trap 1000 Malaise Trap Pitfall Trap 0 Bark Spraying Window Trap a r a e Banana Trap r a t e r p a t e p r i a D t e Litter Sample o p l a o t d o p r s b e i e t o i p m c t r l n p e a e o e e e o s c L C a a l m m n A d l e o I n o y y o o C C r H H p p H H a a e e r r o o h A r t h O t r A r e h t O

Composition by percentage the number of species of Drosophilidae (Diptera) and Orthoptera in plot local Drosophilidae (Diptera) and Orthoptera in plot, local Ussuriisky Reserve) and regional (Primorye) fauna (after Storozhenko et al., 2003) ( e S o o e o e ., 003) 100 114 species 102 species Plot Ussurisky Reserve 90 Primorye 80 70 70 60 50 50 40 30 30 20 10 10 0 Drosophilidae Orthoptera

Number of species and families of Coleoptera in plot, Primorye, and Russian Far East in plot, Primorye, and Russian Far East 6000 5500 5000 3800 3800 4000 3000 2000 1000 212 51 104 114 114 51 0 Plot Prymorye Russuan Far East

Number of species in core site at Kamenushka (% of the fauna of Primorskii krai) (% of the fauna of Primorskii krai) (after Storozhenko et al., 2003; Kholin & Kupianskaya, 2003; Arefina & Storozhenko, 2003; Tiunova & Storozhenko, 2003) e & S o o e o, 003; u ov & S o o e o, 003) Taxa Taxa Number of Number of % % species in of Primorskii p plot krai fauna Coleoptera 212 5.6% Trichoptera 22 8.7% Ephemeroptera 4 4.4% Orthoptera 5 4.0% Drosophilidae Drosophilidae 49 49 390% 39.0% Formicidae 11 18%

Satellite sites in Murav’ev-Amurskii Peninsula observed in 2003 1 - secondary broad- leaved forest (park) 2 - oak forest near the highway 3 - oak forest at the top of the mountain 4 - primary mixed coniferous-broad- leaved forest (middle slopes of mountain) slopes of mountain) 5 - primary mixed coniferous-broad- leaved forest (lower ( slopes of mountain) 6 - secondary broad- leaved forest in valley of Bogataya river 7 - grassland near a pond in valley of river

Similarity of 59 species of ground beetles (Carabidae) collected by pitfall traps among core and satellite sites y p p g in Russia using Sorensen’s coefficient. Bootstraps probabilities (expressed in percentage) are indicated at the node of each cluster.

Conclusions 1. The insect fauna of Russian Far East is represented by about 31500 species. The insects diversity increase from 200 families and 1000 species in north region (Ch k tk ) t 600 f (Chukotka) to 600 families and 22000 species in south region (Primorskii krai). ili d 22000 i i th i (P i kii k i) 2. A one hectare plot has been established in the forest near Ussuriiskii Natu- ral Reserve in Primorskii krai in 2001. The 33619 specimens of arthropods from p p 118 samples have been collected totally in plot using 7 trapping methods. 3. Beside 31 recorded from Primorskii krai insect orders only 19 were found in the plot. The most abundant orders are Diptera (52% of specimens) and Lepidoptera (26%). 4 In plot the number of families of such orders as Coleoptera Trichoptera 4. In plot the number of families of such orders as Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Orthoptera and Diptera, amounts to 27-49% of the total number of families in Primorskii krai. Therefore the estimated number of insect families in plot is about 160 300 in plot is about 160-300. 5. The number of species in plot varied from 4-9% (Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Orthoptera) to 18% (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) or 39% (Dip- tera: Drosophilidae) of the fauna of Primorskii krai. The estimated number of insect species in plot in core site is calculated at about 1100-2250.

Conclusions 6. We obtain new taxonomic data. Two new genera and 33 new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) have been described based on material collected in the plot at Kamenushka. p 7. Seven satellite sites have been established at vicinities of Vladivostok in 2003. The main aim is to study the insect diversity of forest ecosystems in respect to human activity and pollution in the Pan Japan Sea Area using DIWPA respect to human activity and pollution in the Pan-Japan Sea Area using DIWPA- IBOY data. The 7427specimens of arthropods have been collected by pitfall traps. The most abundant orders are Collembola (3232 specimens), Hymenoptera (1768) (1768)and Coleoptera (1209 specimens). d C l (1209 i ) 8. The analysis of the ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) fauna show, that biodiversity of the primary, non-destroyed forest ecosystems is less than the a b od ve s y o e p a y, o des oyed o es ecosys e s s ess a e diversity of the secondary forests, the forests under strong human activity and pollution, or grasslands. 9. The most important result of the DIWPA-IBOY activity is the team of the Russian and Japanese entomologist which obtain interesting data on biodiversity of forest ecosystems in Pan-Japan Sea Area. Such co-operative researches may y p p y be and must be continued in 21st Century.