Some simple hypotheses to be Some simple hypotheses to be tested by - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Some simple hypotheses to be Some simple hypotheses to be tested by IBOY-DIWPA data Takakazu YUMOTO (Research Institute for Humanity and Nature)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) � Use the same manual at difficult places � Almost simultaneously � Include plants (trees and herbs) and Include plants (trees and herbs) and animals (mainly vertebrates and arthropods) arthropods)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) � Obtained data set -Site information Sit i f ti (latitude, longitude, altitude, climatic parameters) t ) -Plants: trees > 10cm in DBH (species, # individuals, basal area in 1 ha) : shrubs, herbs, grasses (species, frequency in sub-quadrats) (species, frequency in sub quadrats)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) � Obtained data set -Animals: arthropods collected by various traps (orders, # individuals) : vertebrates (mammals, birds, reptiles reptiles, amphibians) hibi ) (species list ever known, species and

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) � What can we hypothesize by the data set from DIWPA-IBOY, especially on set from DIWPA IBOY, especially on the global pattern (a regional approach) of biodiversity and approach) of biodiversity and plant-animal interactions? � We need to propose some simple h hypotheses to be tested. th t b t t d

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) � Use the single taxonomic groups species diversity along several gradient (l tit d (latitude, altitude, rainfall ltit d i f ll ect.)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) � Use the single taxonomic groups ex ex. tree species number in 1 ha along latitude social insect dominancy along latitude

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) � Use the multiple taxonomic groups Global or regional pattern based on plant animal interactions

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) � Use the multiple taxonomic groups Global or regional pattern based on plant-animal interactions l t i l i t ti -plant defense against herbivores -pollination -seed dispersal seed dispersal

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) -plant defense against herbivores lower latitude evergreen broad-leaved tree dominant middle latitude deciduous broad-leaved tree dominant higher latitude evergreen conifers dominant if d i t

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) -plant defense against herbivores lower latitude evergreen broad-leaved tree dominant less large moths (folivores) more small moths (seed predators, leaf miners) middle latitude deciduous broad-leaved tree dominant more large moths (folivores) less small moths (seed predators, leaf miners) l ll h ( d d l f i ) higher latitude evergreen conifers dominant if d i t ??

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) -pollination lower latitude animal-pollination dominance middle latitude wind-pollination dominance (in basal area) higher latitude wind-pollination dominance (in basal area)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) -pollination lower latitude animal-pollination dominance more anthophilous animals (insects, birds, mammals) middle latitude iddl l tit d wind-pollination dominance (in basal area) less anthophilous animals (?) less anthophilous animals (?) higher latitude higher latitude wind-pollination dominance (in basal area) less anthophilous animals (?)

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) -seed dispersal lower latitude mammal-dispersal and bird-dispersal plants middle latitude bi d di bird-dispersal plants l l t higher latitude bird-dispersal and mammal-dispersal plants bird dispersal and mammal dispersal plants

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) -seed dispersal lower latitude mammal-dispersal and bird-dispersal plants more frugivorous mammals middle latitude bird-dispersal plants bi d di l l t less frugivorous mammals higher latitude bird-dispersal and mammal-dispersal plants bird dispersal and mammal dispersal plants more omnivorous mammals

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) 1) Can these patterns of coincident be 1) C th tt f i id t b verified ? 2) Can these patterns be explained by climatic li ti factors independently or by real plant- animal i l interactions ?

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) D Do these patterns show just a cline or a th tt h j t li distinct discontinuity?

IBOY DIWPA data set IBOY-DIWPA data set (Forest Ecosystems) (Forest Ecosystems) D Do these patterns show just a cline or a th tt h j t li distinct discontinuity? Plant defense against herbivores: Which is more important discontinuity, tropical /temperate or evergreen/deciduous?