The Spanish Truffle World 2013 Progress and Challenges Christine Fischer Daniel Oliach Forest Science Centre of Catalonia Australian Truffle Growers Association 2013 Annual General Meeting and Conference 23-25 August 2013 Mittagong
TRUFFLE PRODUCTION
Black Truffles from Europe Estimated production • France 45% 27 tons • Italy 19% 12 tons • Spain 36% 21 tons • Total 60 tons Source GETT 2010 Photo: John Garrone
Changing prices for Black Truffles paid in the Spanish Market (Mean price/kilo/week in € adjusted to € January 2013) 700 600 500 Precio ( € /kg) 400 300 200 100 0 55-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76-80 81-85 85-90 91-94 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12 12-13 Season 10 year mean price: 430-450 € Range between: 200-900 € in same season Higher prices paid for plantation vs wild truffles: 60-120 € /kg
TRUFFLE PLANTATIONS INCREASING
Area dedicated to truffle plantations Community Ha 6,250 Aragon 1,600 Castile and Leon 950 Valencia 530 Catalonia 300 Castile and La Mancha 300 Navarra 180 The Basque Country 110 Andalusia 105 La Rioja 10,325 Total Source: J. Vila 2011; Reyna, 2013 2013: 12,000 ha in Spain and 30,000 ha in Europe
PLANT NURSERIES EXPANDING 200,000 SEEDLINGS/YR
Spain: Tree nurseries specializing in seedlings inoculated with truffles • T. melanosporum Quercus ilex Q. faginea • T. aestivum Q. coccifera • T. borchii Corylus avellana • Terfezia sp. • 27 nurseries • 7 communities • 2 new nurseries 2013
TRUFFLE FESTIVALS
Truffle festivals in Spain Sarrion, 1st Fitruf 2001 El Toro Abejar Ainsa Graus Orísoain, Estella- Navarra Berguedà, Catalonia Solsona, Catalonia Centelles, Catalonia Búsqueda de la trufa. Moisés Torrealba Soto en Cameros, La Rioja T. aestivum Belmonte de San José, Bajo Aragón
• Sell plants • Give technical support • Enroll clients • Travel the festival routes
FIELD EXTENSION SERVICES
Laboratory Extension Services • Plant evaluation method ISO certified • Spore suspension analysis • Soil DNA: presence of Tuber mycelium in orchards
RESEARCH
Tuber melanosporum Mycorrhizae Vegetative mycelium Reproductive body Spore-filled truffle
Herbaceous cover � Mycelial expansion �
ECTOMYCORRHIZAE: DIVERSITY IN TRUFFLE BEDS Diversity of ectomycorrhizae in black truffle plantations in Teruel. Sergio Sanchez et al. (2013 Trufficulture Congress Teruel) Below-ground ectomycorrhizal community in natural tuber melanosporum truffle grounds and dynamics after canopy opening . Garcia and Reyna, Mycorrhiza (2012) 22:361-369
MOLECULAR STUDIES MYCELIUM AND ASCOCARPS Quantification of extraradical mycelium of Tuber melanosporum in soils from truffle orchards in northern Spain Javier Parladé et al. 2013, Mycorrhiza (2013) 23:99-106 Tuber melanosporum rapidly colonizes soil surrounding its host tree in Quercus ilex plantations Liu Bing et al. in press (Trufficulture Congress, Teruel 2013) Genetic diversity and structure of the Iberian populations of T. melanosporum Garcia-Cunchillos et al. (Trufficulture Congress,Teruel 2013)
Shelf-Life Extension of Fresh Tuber aestivum and Tuber melanosporum Truffles by Modified Atmosphere Packaging with Microperforated Films DOMINGO BLANCO, Univ. of Zaragoza Vol. 75, Nr. 4, 2010 — JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE CONSERVATION OF TRUFFLE PRODUCTS
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Mites Candidatus phytoplsma Insects: Ommatoilus sabulosus Megaselia sp Lycoriella sp Truffle fly Suillia pallida Helomyza tubervora Leiodes cinnamomea PEST ALERTS http://www.trifolabianca.it/mojoportal/1insetti-e-parassiti-del-tartufo.aspx
Photo: Trufamanía.com
ROLE OF TRUFFLE VOC AND BEETLE LIFE CYCLE A method for capturing, marking and recapturing provides a menas for estimating the population of Leiodes cinnamomea Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae), a plague of the truffle T. melanosporum Vittadini Pérez-Andueza et al. 2011 The role of semiochemicals in the interaction of the primary mycophagist Leiodes cinnamomea Panzer (Coleoptera: Leiodidae) and its host (Tuber melanosporum Vittadini) Hidalgo, F. et al. 2011
• Study the life cycle and damage levels • Develop high scale trapping methods • Improve trapping system and retest • Register patent for trapping method TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER http://patentados.com/patente/trampa-para-la-captura-de-insectos/
TERUEL 2013
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