THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY → Presentation to IEEE AESS Officers Strategic Planning Meeting ESA HQ 4 February 2011
PURPOSE OF ESA “To provide for and promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European states in space research and technology and their space applications. ” Article 2 of - ESA Convention 2
ESA FACTS AND FIGURES Over 30 years of experience • 18 Member States (soon 19 Member • States) Five establishments, about 2000 • staff 3.9 billion Euro budget (2011) • Over 60 satellites designed, tested • and operated in flight 17 scientific satellites in operation • Five types of launcher developed • Over 190 launches • 3
18 MEMBER STATES Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Romania signed an Accession Agreement on 20 January 2011 and is expected to become ESA‟s 19 Member State by summer 2011. 4
ESA’S LOCATIONS EAC ESTEC Salmijaervi (Cologne) (Noordwijk) (Kiruna) Harwell ESOC Brussels ESA HQ ESA sites/ facilities (Darmstadt) Redu (Paris) Toulouse Offices Oberpfaffenhofen Cebreros (Villafranca) ESA ground stations ESAC (Madrid) ESRIN (Rome) Moscow Santa Maria Washington Kourou Maspalomas Houston New Norcia Perth Malargüe 5
ESA BUDGET FOR 2011 Income from Member States and Canada 2975.0 M € (74.5%) Income from EU 777.9M € (19.5%) Income from European Cooperating States (ECSA) 7.9 M € (0.2%) CA: 0.5%, 20.5 M € Other income 233.0 M € (5.8%) Total 3993.8 M € (100%) UK: 6.6%, 265.3 M € CH: 2.4%, 96.2 M € Income from EU, ECSA and SE: 1.5%, 59.9 M € Other: 25,5%, 1018.8 M € ES: 5.1%, 201.9 M € PT: 0.4%, 15.8 M € M € : Million Euro NO: 1.6%, 63.2 M € NL: 2.1%, 84.2 M € 2011 income from LU: 0.3%, 11.5 M € AT: 1.3%, 54.0 M € Member States and Canada IT: 9.5%, 380.0 M € 2975.0 M € BE: 4.1%, 164.8 M € CZ: 0.3%, 10.4 M € IE: 0.4%, 15.6 M € GR: 0.4%, 14.9 M € DK: 0.8%, 31.2 M € FI: 0.5%, 20.1 M € DE: 17.9%, 713.8 M € FR: 18.8%, 751.4 M € 6
ESA BUDGET BY PROGRAMME (2011) Programmes and mandatory activities 3985.9 M € European Cooperating States Agreement (ECSA) 7.9 M € Total 3993.8 M € Technology* ECSA Basic Activities 2.5%, 105.1 M € 0.2%, 7.9 M € 5.4%, 216.7 M € General Budget Space Situational Awareness 4.5%, 179.9 M € 0.4%, 15.7 M € Launchers Science 15.3%, 612.5 M € 11.6%, 464.8 M € Budgets 2011 Robotic Exploration 3993.8 M € 3.2%, 129.4 M € M € : Million Euro *includes Third Parties Human Spaceflight 10.3%, 410.9 M € Earth Observation* 21.1%, 843.9 M € Navigation* Telecommunications* 16.7%, 665.7 M € 8.5%, 341.3 M € 7
ESA PROGRAMMES All Member States participate (on In addition, Member States a GNP basis) in activities related choose their level of participation in Optional to space science and a common set of programmes ( Mandatory programmes. programmes). Optional Mandatory • Human Spaceflight • Telecommunications & Integrated • General Budget: Future studies, technological research, education, Applications common investments (facilities, • Earth Observation laboratories, basic infrastructure) • Launchers • Science: Solar System science, • Navigation astronomy and fundamental physics • Robotic Exploration • Space Situational Awareness 8
ESA’S INDUSTRIAL POLICY About 90% of ESA‟s budget is spent on contracts with European industry. ESA’s industrial policy : • maintains and develops space technology; • improves competitiveness of European industry; • ensures that Member States get a fair return on their investment; • exploits the advantages of free competitive bidding, except where incompatible with objectives of the industrial policy. 9
BIRTH OF COMMERCIAL OPERATORS ESA’s ‘catalyst’ role ESA is responsible for R&D of space projects. On completion of qualification, they are handed to outside entities for production and exploitation. Most of these entities emanated from ESA. Meteorology: Eumetsat Navigation: Galileo (with EU) Launch services: Arianespace Telecomms: Eutelsat and Inmarsat 10
ESA COUNCIL The Council is the governing body of ESA. It provides the basic policy guidelines for ESA‟s activities. Each Member State is represented on the Council and has one vote. About every three years, Council meets at ministerial level („Ministerial Council‟) to take key decisions on new and continuing programmes and financial commitment. The ESA Council at ministerial level also meets together with the EU Council to form the European „Space Council‟. 11
Science at ESA →
Examples of current space science missions Mars Express (2003 – ) studying Mars, • its moons and atmosphere from orbit Rosetta (2004 – ) the first long-term • mission to study and land on a comet Venus Express (2005 – ) studying Venus • and its atmosphere from orbit Herschel (2009 – ) far-infrared and • submillimetre wavelength observatory Planck (2009 – ) studying relic radiation • from the Big Bang 13
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UPCOMING MISSIONS • LISA Pathfinder – testing technologies for gravity wave detection (2012) • Gaia – mapping a thousand million stars in our galaxy (2012) • James Webb Space Telescope – studying the very distant Universe (2014) • BepiColombo – a satellite duo exploring Mercury (2014) 15
COSMIC VISION ESA‟s long - term scientific programme is based on a vision. The „Cosmic Vision‟ looks for answers to mankind's fundamental questions: • How did we get from the 'Big Bang' to where we are now? • Where did life come from, and are we alone? ESA is assessing challenging new missions, including probes to the moons of Jupiter and Saturn, for 2015 – 25. The first two medium-class missions will be launched in 2017 and 2018. 16
ROBOTIC EXPLORATION ExoMars will investigate the martian environment, particularly astro- biological issues, and develop and demonstrate new technologies for planetary exploration with the long-term view of a future Mars sample return mission in the 2020s. 17
The International Space Station – a platform for science Now that it is assembled, the ISS will be operated and used until at least 2020. This laboratory, and the Columbus module in particular, provides unique opportunities for science and research. Efforts are being made to attract The best ideas and proposals. Science performed on the ISS is being broadened. 18
EARTH EXPLORERS Part of ESA‟s „ Living Planet’ Programme , these missions address critical and specific issues raised by the science community, while demonstrating the latest observing techniques. GOCE (2009 – ) studying Earth‟s gravity field SMOS (2009 – ) studying Earth‟s water cycle CryoSat-2 (2010 – ) studying Earth‟s ice cover The next missions are: ADM-Aeolus – studying the atmosphere Swarm – three satellites to study Earth‟s magnetic field EarthCARE – an ESA/ JAXA mission to study Earth‟s clouds, aerosols and radiation 19
Space for the citizens 20
PIONEERS IN EARTH OBSERVATION Meteosat – ESA has been dedicated to observing Earth from space ever since the launch of its first meteorological mission (1977). ERS-1 (1991) and ERS-2 (1995) – providing a wealth of invaluable data about Earth, its climate and changing environment. Envisat – the largest satellite ever built to monitor the environment, it provides continuous observation of Earth‟s surface, atmosphere, oceans and ice caps (2002). 21
METEOROLOGICAL MISSIONS „Living Planet‟ also includes the next generation of missions dedicated to weather and climate. Meteosat Third Generation – taking over from Meteosat 11 in 2015, the last of four Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellites. MSG is a joint project between ESA and Eumetsat. MetOp – a series of three satellites to monitor climate and improve weather forecasting, the space segment of Eumetsat's Polar System (EPS). MetOp-A – Europe‟s first polar -orbiting satellite dedicated to operational meteorology (2006). 22
OBSERVING OUR PLANET FOR A SAFER WORLD A joint ESA/ European Commission initiative, Global Monitoring for the Environment and Security (GMES) is the response to Europe's need for geo- spatial information services. It will provide autonomous and independent access to information for policy-makers, particularly for environment and security issues. ESA is implementing the space component: developing the Sentinel satellite series, its ground segment and coordinating data access. ESA has started a Climate Change Initiative , for storage, production and assessment of essential climate data. 23
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