PREDATOR / REAPER SAFETY EDUCATION Presentation for GASCo UAVs are - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

PREDATOR / REAPER SAFETY EDUCATION Presentation for GASCo

UAVs are dangerous, right?

The slides in this presentation are UNCLASSIFIED These are my views and some slides may not reflect current MoD policy

RAF Cat 4/5 AIR ACCIDENT RATE SINCE 1946 9 vs PREDATOR 94-08 8 Rate per 10,000 Flying hours 7 6 5 4 CAA CAP701 3 Page 38 <5700kgs non-PT GA Aircraft Reportable Accidents 2 Accident Average 1 Fatal Accidents 0 1946 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 08 Year

Comparison of Current FJ Cat 4/5 vs PREDATOR A vs GA 2005 1.25/10,000fg hrs 2006 0.33/10,000fg hrs 2007 0.6/10,000fg hrs 2008 0.57/10,000fg hrs SHAR 1.88/10,000fg hrs (>1979) Jag 1.02/10,000fg hrs (>1973) GR7/9 0.97/10,000fg hrs (>1988) GR1/4 0.59/10,000fg hrs (>1980) F3 0.28/10,000fg hrs (>1985) 1995 2.44/10,000fg hrs 1996 2.24/10,000fg hrs 1997 2.28/10,000fg hrs 1998 2.12/10,000fg hrs 1999 2.08/10,000fg hrs Sources CAA, DASA & USAF Safety Center

RAF FJ Cat 4/5 AIR ACCIDENTS by Cause 1990-2000 Not Positively Other 15% Technical Fault 18% Determined 14% Natural and Operating Risk 13% Human Factors (Aircrew) 39% Human Factors (Non Aircrew) 2%

PREDATOR MISHAP by Cause 1994-2008 Other 11% Natural and Technical Fault 69% Operating Risk 11% Human Factors 8%

95% DISPROPORTIONATE!

HF DISPROPORTIONATE!

REAPER Basics • Dimensions – Wingspan 66’ – Length 36’ – Max gross weight 10,500 lbs MQ 9 V-A10 size • Max speed 250 KTAS • Endurance Hellfire – 20 hrs clean – 12+ hrs fully combat loaded • Operating altitude 500 lb bombs – 30K+ with weapons – 50K+ clean

MQ-1 PREDATOR A MQ-9 PREDATOR B - REAPER Factor Predator Reaper GTOW 2,250 lb (1022 kg) 10,500 lb (4772 kg) 4.6 HP 105 900 8.6 Maximum 25,000 50,000+ 2 Altitude Maximum Speed 120 KTAS 250 KTAS 2 Fuel 600 lb (273 kg) 4,000 lb (1804 kg) 6.6 Payload Nose 450 lb (204 kg) 850 lb (386 kg) 1.8 Payload Wing 250 lb (113 kg) 3,000 lb (1363 kg) 12 Endurance 40 hr (18) 20+ hr (14) 0.5 SPOT THE DIFFERENCE…

The Regulatory Issues Debate

3 Pillars Of ICAO Compliance Article Article Article 31 32 12 Airworthiness Flt Crew License Op Reqs JAR CS23? ? “Rules of Air” FAR Pt23? MIL STD 516? STANAG 4671?

? PREDATOR B – MQ - 9 REAPER SAFETY ENHANCEMENTS QUOTED SAFETY ISSUES • Triplex avionics • QA? • Redundant flight controls • “Experimental” COA? and control surfaces • USAF Wpns SOPs • Lessons from PRED A • Non FAR Pt23? • Military Standard 1760 Stores Management System

Redundant Control Module (RCM) …And the list goes on… Processing center of flight control system Triple redundant flight computer architecture Universal Asynchronous RS RS-422 Bus (UARB) Dual redundant communication network for all flight critical nodes “ Smart Smart” Servo Actuators Microcontroller based design with dual UARB interface Redundant Flight Surfaces 4 flaps, 4 ailerons, 4 ruddervators, 1 rudder Honeywell Digital Electronic Engine Control (DEEC) Engine sensor feedback (DEEC mode only) ARINC 429 interface Engine & Fuel Interface Unit (EFIU) Engine sensor feedback (DEEC and b/u mode) Dual UARB interface Triplex Embedded GPS/INS (EGI) Units Honeywell H-764 with embedded Trimble Force 5 GPS receiver Redundant data interfaces to flight computers in RCM Each EGI connected to dedicated GPS antenna Triplex Air Data Sensor Sets 3 heated pitots, 6 heated static ports 6 Precision Pressure Transducers (PPT) Alpha/Beta/OAT Probe Alpha/Beta: vanes connected to potentiometers OAT: Solid state sensor Nose Cameras with Heated Lenses 1 daylight camera, 1 long wavelength IR camera Ice Detector Magnetostrictive probe type from Goodrich Architecture 3 Flight Computer Assemblies (FCA) 2 vote processing circuits on Vote Processor Assembly 2 LOS Datalink Processor Assemblies 1 Interface Processor Assembly (IPA) Honeywell TPE331 TPE331-10YGD 10YGD-514GA turboprop engine Engine family has a long history of use in aviation applications TPE331 engines have over 100 million hours of service

WHAT DOES COMMON SENSE SAY TO THE QUOTED SAFETY ISSUES? “Military Judgement”?

GA-ASI Family of Aircraft • Delivered 300+ aircraft • 525,000+ flight hours – 85% combat flight hours • Equipped for IFR flight • Flown by instrument-rated pilots PRE DAT OR B/ RE APE R PRE DAT OR C/ AVE NGE R – Direct control Mar itime Sur ve illanc e / Ste althy? Hunte r - Kille r Hunte r - Kille r – In hold modes – altitude, airspeed, heading – Fully autonomous – Auto takeoff/autoland is available • Voice communications with – Air traffic controllers – Manned aircraft • Have the capability to perform manned aircraft long-endurance missions SKY WARRIOR PRE DAT OR U.S. Ar my Gr ound T r oop Suppor t Re gional Sur ve illanc e

Civilian Missions—Forest Fire Support • The multi-mission Predator B owned by NASA is now supporting forest fire fighters at the national and state level

Western States Fire Mission Sep 07 • Imaged 26 major fires across nine states • Flew from Edwards AFB • Provided real- time information • Maximized scarce fire fighting resources • Minimized hazards to personnel IKHANA Route Plotted vs Airways

Border Protection Missions The multi-mission Predator Bs owned by the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Customs and Border Protection (CBP) have been: – Patrolling the U.S. Border since October 2005 – Expanding its mission to the Northern Border, Great Lakes, both coasts and the Caribbean

THE ITALIAN JOB

ITALIAN PREDATOR A 1 st Flight Amendola AFB, • Foggia - 7 Dec 04 • Op JUPITER Italian/Russian Summit in BARI 13-14 Mar 07 – BARI pop 328,500 – CTA Class D – 45,000 Movements in 07 35 th G8 Summit in L’AQUILA • from 8-10 Jul 09 – L’AQUILA pop 73,000 – ROME FIR/TCA – 406,000 Movements in 08 • ENAC* represents Italy in the major international civil aviation organizations such as ICAO, ECAC, EASA and Eurocontrol • BRS Parachute *Ente Nazionale per l’Aviozione Civile – Italian CAA

Safety Summary • CY- 07 • CY-06 GA-ASI aircraft flew – 130,000 ho urs (re pre se nts 50% g ro wth) – 80,000 hours – 10,000 to ta l missio ns – 6,200 total missions  80% c o mb a t • 70% combat E ve r y se c ond of e ve r y day, 35+ Pr e dator - se r ie s air c r aft ar e air bor ne wor ldwide

WHAT NO FIRE?

Common Sense Debate • Operates in CONUS • All risk on AOC 2Gp, Class A-E daily DE&S and ACAS • 35+ flying every • CAP722 recs use of second with an segregated airspace accident rate without Sense/Avoid comparable to MAS • Early accident bad PR • LOC / FL – 3 rd party damage similar to light aircraft

The CAA’s Debate? LIGHT AVIATION ASSOC PERMIT AIRCRAFT Minimum speed power off in the landing configuration not to exceed - 60 mph IAS Design dive speed not to exceed - 250 mph IAS Aircraft must be amateur built – by its owner Maximum number of seats - 2 Maximum take off weight not to exceed - 912 kgs (2006 lbs) The installed power not to exceed - 260 hp (multi engine configurations to be considered within this total installed power limit) Overflight of congested cities/towns recently approved by CAA until Jul 10…

Could RAF REAPER fly in UK • Yes • Operate under mil regulations: – JSPs 550 and 553 – JAP 100A – Def Stans 00-970, 05-57, 05-122, 05-123, 05-130 • Segregated airspace (SPTA, STANTA, SENTA? RA(T)s?) • SENSE & AVOID…

What is acceptable Sense & Avoid? Nose Cameras with Heated Lenses 1 daylight camera, 1 long wavelength IR camera Ground Control Station

What is acceptable Sense & Avoid? Taken at 10,000ft by a US REAPER operating in CLASS E Airspace in California. ATC reported and Link 16 tracks on Situational Awareness display. IR Picture >10nm Day EO Picture >10nm

Resistance to UAV/UAS?

QUESTIONS?