Intersection Safety Intersection Safety Intersection Safety
FHWA Safety Focus Areas FHWA Safety Focus Areas Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 2
Intersections Intersections Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 3
Intersections Intersections • Among the most hazardous components of the highway system for all users (planned points of conflict) • Complex speed-distance judgments under time constraints • Interstates (full access control) have fatality rates less than half of other highway types Intersection Safety Intersection Safety
National Statistics National Statistics Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 5
National Statistics National Statistics There were 41,059 highway fatalities There were 41,059 highway fatalities in 2007. Where did they occur? in 2007. Where did they occur? Non-Intersections 79% Intersections 21% About half of all all crashes and crashes and About half of half of all injury crashes half of all injury crashes occur at intersections. occur at intersections. Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 6
Intersection Fatalities Intersection Fatalities There were 8,657 intersection fatalities in 2007. There were 8,657 intersection fatalities in 2007. Where did they occur? Where did they occur? 6,000 5,232 5,000 39% in 39% in rural areas rural areas 4,000 Fatalities 3,000 2,000 1,739 61% in 61% in 1,472 urban areas urban areas 1,000 214 0 Arterial Collector Local Unknown Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 7
Intersection Fatalities Intersection Fatalities Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 8
State Statistics State Statistics 117 117 27 27 26 26 6 13 13 28 28 152 152 71 71 71 71 142 142 39 39 455 455 15 15 9 235 235 15 15 292 292 96 96 77 77 52 52 267 267 94 94 235 235 300 300 193 193 41 41 142 142 33 33 181 181 780 780 23 23 154 154 102 102 123 123 113 113 251 251 180 180 21 21 (DC (DC) 240 240 100 100 58 58 100 100 150 150 167 167 122 122 342 342 578 578 160 160 27 27 956 956 31 31 X = # of fatal crashes in 2007 classified as X = # of fatal crashes in 2007 classified as intersection or intersection-related intersection or intersection-related Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 9
State Statistics State Statistics 23% 23% 23% 23% 15% 15% 10% 10% 14% 14% 11% 11% 33% 33% 18% 18% 18% 18% 22% 22% 18% 18% 37% 37% 12% 12% 7% 7% 24% 24% 23% 23% 22% 22% 25% 25% 21% 21% 34% 34% 23% 23% 35% 35% 28% 28% 27% 27% 24% 24% 16% 16% 29% 29% 9% 9% 22% 22% 19% 19% 22% 22% 17% 17% 27% 27% 16% 16% 21% 21% 17% 17% 17% 17% 58% 58% (DC) (DC) 26% 26% 16% 16% 16% 16% 17% 17% 15% 15% 17% 17% 15% 15% 24% 24% 20% 20% 18% 18% 35% 35% 33% 33% 25% 25% X = % of fatal crashes in 2007 classified as X = % of fatal crashes in 2007 classified as intersection or intersection-related intersection or intersection-related Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 10
Red Light Running Red Light Running Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 11
Pedestrians Pedestrians Total = 1,152* * Includes 9 “age unknown” Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 12
Bicyclists Bicyclists Total = 266* * Includes 2 “age unknown” Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 13
State Statistics State Statistics 27 27 6 3 0 1 3 15 15 22 22 17 17 14 14 8 179 179 0 0 26 26 4 48 48 7 2 9 28 28 17 17 81 81 64 64 15 15 12 12 22 22 2 31 31 218 218 1 18 18 4 8 21 21 16 16 13 13 14 (DC 14 (DC) 54 54 2 13 13 9 5 13 13 5 30 30 57 57 25 25 10 10 207 207 12 12 X X = # of pedestrian and bicycle fatalities in 2007 X = # of pedestrian and bicycle fatalities in 2007 X classified as intersection or intersection-related classified as intersection or intersection-related Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 14
Typical Intersection Crash Types Typical Intersection Crash Types Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 15
Crash Type Distribution Crash Type Distribution Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 16
Nominal and Substantive Safety Nominal and Substantive Safety Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 17
Nominal and Substantive Safety Nominal and Substantive Safety • Two-lane highway with inadequate SSD • Nominal safety design advance warning sign – But may still have high number of right-angle crashes Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 18
Nominal and Substantive Safety Nominal and Substantive Safety • Substantive safety additional advance sign Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 19
Crash Reduction Factors Crash Reduction Factors • http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/tools/crf/ FHWA Report Center: FHWA Report Center: report.center@dot.gov report.center@dot.gov Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 20
Techniques for Improving Safety Techniques for Improving Safety • Increase visibility of intersections and traffic control devices • Increase awareness of intersections • Improve the design of intersections to reduce conflicts • Improve driver comprehension to reduce confusion • Improve the operations of intersections • Improve sight distance at intersections • Improve driver compliance with traffic control devices Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 21
Increasing Visibility Increasing Visibility One signal head per lane 12” Lenses Backplates Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 22
Increasing Visibility Increasing Visibility Oversized Signs Street lights Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 23
Increasing Awareness Increasing Awareness Advance warning Splitter islands Pavement markings Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 24
Improving Design Improving Design Roundabouts New alignment New alignment Reduce skew Turn lanes Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 25
Improving Design Improving Design Access management Close driveways Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 26
Improving Comprehension Improving Comprehension Overhead signing Turn markings Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 27
Improving Operations Improving Operations Phasing Change intervals Coordination Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 28
Improving Operations Improving Operations Turn restrictions Countdown signals Signal removal Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 29
Improving Sight Distance Improving Sight Distance Clear sight triangles Offset turn lanes Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 30
Improving Compliance Improving Compliance Enforcement lights Traditional Automated Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 31
Information and Education Information and Education Web sites Web sites Web sites Printed material Printed material Printed material In school programs In school programs In school programs Radio and TV Radio and TV Radio and TV Community outreach Community outreach Community outreach Speed trailers Speed trailers Speed trailers Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 32
Intersection Safety Action Plan Intersection Safety Action Plan Provides guidance on how to identify and systematically deploy cost-effective, publicly acceptable safety strategies that will result in a substantial statewide reduction of intersection fatalities and serious injuries. Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 33
On- -Going Research Going Research On • Speed reduction at two-way stop-controlled intersections with lane narrowing using rumble strips • An informational report on four alternative/innovative intersections and two alternative interchanges • Surrogate safety assessment model using traffic simulation • Better signing of 3-lane roundabouts • Field and laboratory studies of the restricted crossing U-turn intersection • Field assessment of the detection control system • Field evaluation of mini-roundabouts Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 34
Training Opportunities Training Opportunities http://nhi.fhwa.dot.gov/ • Signalized Intersection Guidebook Workshop • Intersection Safety Workshop • Designing and Operating Intersections for Safety • Interactive Highway Safety Design Model • Roundabout Workshop • Low-Cost Safety Improvements Workshop • Low-Cost Safety Improvements (Blended Approach) • Planning and Designing for Pedestrian Safety • Application of Crash Reduction Factors (CRF) • Science of Crash Reduction Factors Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 35
For More Information For More Information • FHWA Office of Safety – http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ • NCHRP Report 500 Series – http://safety.transportation.org/ • Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices – http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ • Toolbox on Intersection Safety and Design – http://www.ite.org/ Intersection Safety Intersection Safety 36
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