Pre Prevention thr ention through Design ugh Design Tripl iple - PDF document

10/15/2018 OVERVIEW Pre Prevention thr ention through Design ugh Design  Tripl iple Bo Bott ttom Line Line and S and Socia cial S Sust stainability Prevention through Design  We all ha all have a a Role t le to Pla Play in in Sit Site Saf Safety ty = Design for Safety  PtD PtD Conc Concep ept and Be t and Benefi nefits ts = Safety by Design 2018 GOVERNOR’S OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH  Integr grat ated D ed Design gn a and Construction truction Processe sses CONFERENCE  Pt PtD Exa D Exampl ples es Tools a To and Products Pr eq equi uipment October 29, 2018  Pt PtD ha D has Mome s Momentum  Pt PtD Pr Processe ocesses a s and T Tools ools Mike Toole , PhD, PE, F.ASCE  Implem plemen entin ting Pt PtD Work m Wo rk methods thods a and Work p Wo premis emises es a and or orga ganization of of facilities fa wo work Dean, College of Engineering Based in part on past presentations University of Toledo with Dr. John Gambatese Professor, Civil and Const. Engineering, Oregon State Univ. TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE SUSTAINABILITY AND THE TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE “All businesses can and must help society achieve three goals that are linked – economic economic prosperity, en environmen nmental tal protection and soc social equity.” SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY Sustainable Development  Def Definition nition of of Susta Sustainable nable Design and construction that De Develo lopme pment in in Brundtl Brundtland nd doesn’t unfairly affect people Commission Commission R Repor port (1 (198 987) 7) who are not at the table  Focus cus on people on people as much much as on on the en the environme nment  Meet the the needs of needs of people people who who ca can’t spea n’t speak f k for r Further reading: themselves thems Toole, T. M. and G. Carpenter (2013). “Prevention through Design as a Path Towards Social Sustainability.” ASCE Journal of Architectural Engineering 19(3):169-173. 5 6 1

10/15/2018 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES ANNUAL CONSTRUCTION ACCIDENTS IN U.S.  Nearly arly 200, 200,000 s serio rious in inju juri ries  How will we convince all stakeholders that our project  1, 1,000+ dea 000+ deaths hs will not unfairly affect people who are not at the table during the concept development, design and construction planning?  Building occupants  Nearby residents  Local politicians and regulators  Our employees  Construction workers  Maintenance workers 7 ASCE SITE SAFETY POLICY (350) ASCE CODE OF ETHICS  The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) believes Cano Canon 1: n 1: Hold Hold Saf Safety ty Param ramount improving construction site safety requires attention and  Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the commitment from all parties involved. public and shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable  Design engineers have responsibility for: Recognizing that development in the performance of their professional duties. safety and constructability are important considerations when preparing construction plans and specifications;  a. Engineers shall recognize that the lives, safety, health and welfare of the general public are dependent upon engineering judgments,  Educators are encouraged to: … Emphasize engineer's role decisions and practices incorporated into structures, machines, in providing a safe and healthy environment to personnel products, processes and devices. engaged in project activities through proper planning and design; and 10 OVERVIEW SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES  Tripl iple Bo Bott ttom Line Line and S and Socia cial S Sust stainability Prevention through Design  Do not our duties include minimizing all risks  We all ha all have a a Role t le to Pla Play in in Sit Site Saf Safety ty = Design for Safety (especially to people) that we have control over?  PtD Conc PtD Concept and Ben and Benefi fits ts = Safety by Design  Do not we have the same duties for construction  Integr grat ated D ed Design gn a and Construction truction Processe sses and maintenance workers as for the “public”? Tools a To and  Pt PtD Exa D Exampl ples es Pr Products equi eq uipment  Pt PtD ha D has Mome s Momentum  Pt PtD Pr Processe ocesses a s and T Tools ools Wo Work m rk methods thods a and  Implem plemen entin ting Pt PtD Work p Wo premis emises es a and or orga ganization of of fa facilities work wo 2

10/15/2018 PREVENTION THROUGH DESIGN (PTD) DESIGN-SAFETY LINKS  22% 22% of 226 injuries that occurred from 2000-2002 in Oregon, WA, and “Addressing occupational safety and health needs in the design CA 1 process to prevent or minimize the work-related hazards and risks associated with the construction, manufacture, use, maintenance,  42% 42% of 224 fatalities in US between 1990-2003 1 and disposal of facilities, materials, and equipment.”  60% 60% of fatal accidents resulted in part from decisions made before site work began 2 (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ptd/)  63% 63% of all fatalities and injuries could be attributed to design decisions or lack of planning 3 1 Behm, M., “Linking Construction Fatalities to the Design for Construction Safety Concept” (2005) 2 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions 3 NSW WorkCover, CHAIR Safety in Design Tool , 2001 PTD IN CONSTRUCTION IS… WHAT PTD IN CONSTRUCTION IS NOT  Explicitly considering construction and  Having designers take an active role in construction safety maintenance safety in the design of a project. DURING construction. DURING  Being conscious of and valuing the safety of construction and maintenance workers when  An endorsement of future legislation mandating that designers performing design tasks. design for construction safety.  Making design decisions based in part on a  An endorsement of the principle that designers can or should be design element's inherent safety risk to held partially responsible for construction accidents. construction and maintenance workers. “Safety Constructability and Maintainability” 16 DESIGN HAS MAJOR LEVERAGE INTEGRATED DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION  Ability to influence key project goals is greatest early in the project schedule during planning and design (Szymberski, 1997)  Project success requires that design reflects input from all stakeholders, including:  Users/occupants  Owner facility management personnel  Contractors  Constructability feedback must start early in the design process 3

10/15/2018 BENEFITS OF INTEGRATED DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS  Obvious: Cost, Schedule, Quality Elimination Prevention Higher Eliminate the hazard during design  Accepted: Sustainability through Reliability of Control Substitution Design Substitute a less-hazardous material or  Emerging: Prefabrication form during design Engineering Controls “Design-in” engineering controls,  Emerging: Safety Incorporate warning systems Administrative Controls Well-designed work methods & organization PPE Lower Available, effective, easy to use ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF PTD EXAMPLE OF THE NEED FOR PTD  Design spec:  Reduced site hazards  Dig groundwater monitoring wells at various locations.  Fewe Fewer wo worker i injuries a and fatalities  Wells located directly under overhead power lines.  Accident:  Reduced workers’ compensation premiums  Worker electrocuted when his drill rig got too close to overhead power lines.  Increased productivity and quality  Engineer could have:  specified wells be dug away from power lines; and/or  Fewer delays due to accidents  better informed the contractor of hazard posed by wells’ proximity to powerlines through the plans,  Improved operations/maintenance safety specifications, and bid documents. PTD EXAMPLE: ROOFS AND PERIMETERS PTD EXAMPLE: ANCHORAGE POINTS Upper story w indow s Parapet w alls Skylights https://cdn.simplifieds afety.com/images/par apet-railing/non- penetrating-parapet- railing.jpg 4

10/15/2018 PTD EXAMPLE: STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN The Erector Friendly Column Detailing Guide for the Enhancement of Erection Safety  Include holes in columns at 21” Published by the National Institute for Steel Detailing and and 42” for guardrail cables and the Steel Erectors Association of America at higher locations for fall protection tie-offs  Locate column splices and connections at reasonable heights above floor Photo: AISC educator ppt  Know approximate dimensions of necessary  Provide enough space tools to make for making connections connections Photo: AISC educator ppt PTD EXAMPLE – STEEL DESIGN Temporary Ladder,  Bechtel’s steel design process Platform,  PTD elements: and Safety Line  Temporary access platforms  Lifting lugs  Shop installed vertical brace ladders  Bolt-on column ladders and work platforms Photos courtesy of Bechtel Corp. 5