With Acknowledgement to: 1 1 Outline Geospatially-enabled Battle Command • What is the Challenge? • Why Is It Desirable? • How Is It Feasible? • Meeting Key Challenges • What Does This Mean For Operations? • Where Is It In Operation? • What Are the Implications? 2
What is the Challenge? Exploit the power of GIS technology to substantially increase the effectiveness—quality, timeliness, and efficiency—of military operations by … • Geo-enabling mainstream, C2 M&S general purpose, integrated Services Services information management GIS applications to better support Services distributed operations under demanding conditions … • … exploiting, and ultimately, C2 Geo M&S supplanting, ancillary, special purpose, discrete information management systems. 3 ESRI 3 2008 Why Is It Desirable? Quality, Timeliness, … Information Analysis/Workflow Visualization Integration More than maps and imagery … a foundation for mission planning and Common Operating Picture … and Efficiency execution 4
Army Applications Integrated Information Products Off- and On-Road Connected Graph • Tier 1 – impact of terrain and weather on military operations independent of Observation & Fields of Fire mission Directional – OCOKA – Obstacles, Cover and Concealment, Concealment Observation, Key terrain Maneuver Networks – Weather impacts on mobility and sensor performance • Tier 2 - for performing well defined military ! . Direct Fire tasks or actions consistent with a mission or Positions objective . ! Route Assessment – Routes / Axis of Advance Axis of – Battle, Attack, Assault and Attack by Fire and Indirect Advance Fire Positions – Assembly and Engagement Areas • Tier 3 - for performing well defined military Attack By Fire Positions tasks or actions based upon known or predicted situation 2525B – Products selected as part of the OPLAN and OPORD Symbology Control Graphics Information and graphics courtesy of U.S. Army Topographic Engineering Center 5 How Is It Feasible? • Core infrastructure advance • Advent of web services and the SOA • Development of enterprise GIS product platform –Rich, smart clients –Flexible and powerful data management –Computational flexibility—client, server, embedded –Capture and use of “tradecraft” –Strong support for interoperability 6
Enabling Infrastructure Technology Developments in … Servers Servers • Faster Processing Desktop Desktop – Multi-core, Blades • Increased Bandwidth Web Web • Larger Storage Services Services • Web Services Standards Laptop Laptop Scalable • Mobile Technologies Networked • Real Time Networks Hardware PDA PDA Phone Phone … accommodate GIS demands … • Unique imagery and mapping content, and a variety of data models/formats • Very large, distributed databases • Legacy systems built around computing and integration constraints . . . and support integration in mainstream applications 7 Advent of Web Services—and the SOA Delivering Agility: Rapid development and legacy integration, lower costs, collaboration, interoperability … 3- 3 -D Viewers D Viewers Rich Internet Client Rich Internet Client Presentation Presentation 2 2- -D D Viewers Viewers Integration Platform “Map of the business App App Catalog Map & Map & Geo- - Open Open Tracking Tracking Catalog Globe Globe Geo Image Image- - expressed in Chart Chart Process Web Web & RSS & RSS Process Process Process technology” Serving/ Serving/ Publishing Publishing CIO Magazine Data Data Authoring Authoring … and—by decoupling information, business logic, and presentation—enabling flexible management of data and applications in accordance with infrastructure constraints, especially bandwidth. 8
Advancing GIS Technology Integrated Platform ... On the Desktop, Server, or Embedded Interoperable LEICA BAE Ionic Google Earth Open Open Mobile Image Desktop Web Web Mobile Desktop Integration APIs APIs SAP KML Metadata AutoCAD ISO 19139 SOAP, OGC OGC XML, SQL GIS KML KML CAD MapInfo Services SOAP SOAP GeoMedia SQL SQL OGC Standards Any WMS/WFS/GML DBMS ArcGIS Server Distributed data management Headquarters Field GDB ArcGIS Server ArcIMS ArcGIS Engine Region ArcSDE Image Server Local Tracking Server . . . enabling Enterprise GIS 9 Commercial Joint Mapping ToolKit (CJMTK) Standard COTS Software Tools/Architecture for C2 Applications • Mapping, Charting, Geodesy, and Imagery (MCG&I) functionality for NCES/NCW - all DoD C2I systems Approved Programs: C2PC CCI C2S • Standard Visualization Platform DCGS JMPS for imagery and geospatial data Future Combat Systems JSTARS GALE GCCS- AF • Desktop & Server software – JET TBMCS licensed by NGA through 2014 … and hundreds more Sponsor: National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Contractors: Northrop Grumman, ESRI, Analytical Graphics, Inc., Leica Geosystems 10
Challenge: Coping with Available Bandwidth Combining GIS and Web Services technology • Analysis – compressing TB of data • Products – all or nothing, into MB of actionable terrain when you get it information – CD-ROM of CIB: 650MB – CD-ROM of VMAP: • Web Services – sending only the 650MB pixels needed – File of NITF is 4GB • Off-network transactions – only • Services – what you need, using the network for high-priority when you need it information – Cache the 10MB of 5m • Layering Data – a mechanism for resolution pixels that matter for the next 24 prioritization hours • Separating Data, Business Logic & – Access the 40kB service of Presentation 1m resolution pixels that matter… now • Application Independence from Data Source 11 CJMTK Geospatial Appliance Standard Data/Architecture Solution for C2 Applications • Application Ready • Preconfigured • Versatile Access • Data Data—2D and 3D Content and Administration – File sharing for Applications legacy – Standard NGA – Map Database, Products Cache Updates – Map – Geodatabase – General Worldwide Documents – Web Services – Replication Tools Coverage Data – Layer Files (WMS, KML, – Administration SOAP) – NGA Geonames Tools – Map Services Ruggedized Server (1 TB) Rack Mounted Server (7 TB) GoogleEarth GCCS FalconView Data Updates C2PC DGINet DCGS NGA-Arnold …for analysis and decision support 12
Challenge: Integrating Modeling and Simulation Modeling Reality For Validation, Sensitivity Analysis, Training, and Sharing… … and moving from Terrain Analysis to Behavioral Modeling SWORD™ Brigade Simulation module Dynamic operational indicators Courses of action 13 ITMO 13 ITMO D D Challenge: Integrating C2, Geo, and M&S BML—a standard representation of digitized C2 information —and geoBML, for actionable geospatial information Coalition US Systems A Common Operational Picture Systems Other Business C2 Business Embedded Web Services Web Services Logic Logics Simulation HLA / DIS HLA / DIS MIP Services Layer CJMTK BML GML MIPDEM COTS / NGA / CJMTK Operational DBs JC3IEDM Geodatabase geoBML MIP / COTS / DoD 14
What Will This Mean For Operations? How do integrate with the Orders process? 15 Defining C2 for the US Army Future Combat System How will it Communicate Orders? • Network Centric Organic & • Explicit understanding of orders and Inorganic Indirect Fire RSTA operations in a distributed environment Function • Know precisely, in real-time, location of all friendly and enemy forces • Robotics Integrated into Force • Amplify capability of manned elements Networked Command, • Multi-functional (scouting, armed, Control & sustainment) Comms • Increased Reliance on Extended Range Engagement Sensor • Organic plus strategic and tactical Direct Fire Function support Function • Long range ISR and precision fires • Capable of Air-Mobile Operations Infantry Carrier + C2 • Commercial and minimum DoD Function strategic and tactical lift 16
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