Opioids and criminal justice in CT Presented by: Ivan Kuzyk, Kyle - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Opioids and criminal justice in CT Presented by: Ivan Kuzyk, Kyle Baudoin, Kendall Bobula June 9, 2017

The New York Times , June 6, 2017 Drug overdose 59,000 to deaths, 2004 to 2016 OPM’s Criminal Justice Policy 65,000 people, estimated to OD deaths in and Planning Division 60,000 2016. monitors developments in the state criminal justice system. Peak car crash deaths (1972) 50,000 We became aware of dramatic increases in the number of Peak HIV deaths people entering the criminal (1995) justice system with issues 40,000 Peak gun related to opioid use. deaths (1993) We also began to map opioid deaths using OCME date. 30,000 2005 2010 2015 Source: The New York Times, June 6, 2017

Overdose deaths and homicides in CT, 2004 to 2016 Drug 1000 overdoses 900 917 800 700 729 600 558 500 366 498 328 400 289 300 Homicides 200 79 100 144 151 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 OD deaths to homicides 2.6 2.5 2.5 3.1 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.4 2.4 4.8 5.5 5.7 11.6 Source: CT OCME

Overdose deaths by age and race/ethnicity, 2010 to 2016 OD deaths, 30 to 38 year olds OD deaths 18 to 29 year olds 180 180 Black 164 160 148 Black Hispanic 160 140 128 Hispanic White 132 140 120 White 103 100 120 100 96 84 100 80 70 72 80 63 60 47 60 49 40 30 40 17 21 14 15 20 9 8 12 13 12 7 11 6 5 20 9 4 4 3 2 3 6 6 6 6 1 1 2 3 1 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 OD deaths 39 to 46 year olds OD deaths 47 to 53 year olds 180 180 Black Black 160 160 Hispanic Hispanic 133 140 140 White White 121 116 120 120 99 91 100 100 88 84 80 70 80 68 64 59 54 51 50 60 60 40 40 24 22 21 21 20 19 17 14 13 13 13 12 11 20 9 20 8 8 8 8 7 6 6 6 7 6 6 3 4 4 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 OD deaths 54 to 97 180 160 Black Deaths have increases 140 Hispanic 120 White 100 across age and 80 race/ethnicity 60 40 20 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Cities, towns and race in CT 100% 100% 100% 100% WnH % BnH % Hisp. % Oth. % 90% 90% 90% 90% 80% 80% 80% 74% 80% 71% 72% 65% 70% 70% 70% 70% 60% 60% 60% 60% 53% 50% 50% 50% 43% 50% 38% 35% 40% 40% 40% 40% 33% 32% 32% 27% 30% 30% 30% 24% 30% 23% 16% 20% 20% 20% 13% 13% 20% 13% 13% 12% 11% 9% 10% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 6% 7% 6% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% 0% 0% Statewide Norwich Middletown Groton Bridgeport New Haven Hartford Stamford The state’s major minority 100% 92% 90% 83% groups are, generally, 80% clustered in the state’s 66% 70% 60% largest cities. 50% In general, as town 40% 33% 33% 27% 30% population diminishes, so 17% 20% 10% 7% 7% 7% too does the percentage of 6% 5% 10% 3% 3% 1% 0% minority residents Towns over Towns 50k to 99k Towns 15k to Towns under 15k 100,000 49.9k Source: US Census 2010

Cities, towns and race in CT 15k to 49.9k, WnH % 47% O 50k to 99k, 23% Only 8% of CT Whites live in cities with populations over 100,000; 22% live in small towns of under 15,000 Over Among Blacks, 51% live in cities Under 15k, 22% 100,000, 8% over 100,000; only 3% live in towns BnH % 50k to 99k, Over 100,000, with less than 15,000 inhabitants. 26% 51% 15k to 49.9k, 21% Among Hispanics, 44% live in cities with more than 100,000 residents. 4% live in towns with less than Under 15k, 15,000 people. 3% Hisp. % 50k to 99k, 32% Over 15k to 49.9k, Towns % Pop. 100,000, 21% k, 44% Over 100,000 5 18% 50,000 to 99,900 14 24% 15,000 to 49,900 58 41% Under 15,000 92 17% Under 15k, 4% Source: US Census 2010

Injury towns and towns-of-death http://arcg.is/2qpeD5n

Deaths by town and rates-of-death It would be a gross simplification to say that opioid use and addiction is a suburban, white problem. In fact opioid abuse is growing among every demographic in the state.

Indexed OD deaths by race/ethnicity and age OD deaths by race/ethnicity - indexed to 2010 450.0 Black Hispanic White 400.0 Black ind 2010 22 32 234 350.0 2011 20 29 277 Hisp ind. 300.0 2012 39 41 281 White ind. 250.0 2013 45 52 395 200.0 2014 27 57 468 150.0 2015 46 79 596 100.0 2016 86 101 711 50.0 0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 OD deaths by age quintile - indexed to 2010 14 to 30 to 39 to 47 to 54 to 700.0 14 to 29 29 38 46 53 97 30 to 38 600.0 2010 55 44 86 73 31 39 to 46 500.0 2011 89 56 73 60 50 47 to 53 2012 81 80 68 75 62 54 to 97 400.0 2013 107 91 105 104 91 300.0 2014 118 109 125 110 96 200.0 2015 155 153 115 138 168 2016 178 199 175 170 195 100.0 0.0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 The upshot – opioids is simply pulling more whites into the criminal justice system

Per capita overdose deaths by town vs. per capita income by town $120 40 Sprague Canaan 35 OD Deaths per capita $100 Ansonia Waterbury 30 Per Capita Income, Harwinton thousands $80 Voluntown 25 Salem $60 20 Essex 15 $40 10 $20 5 $0 0 New Canaan Weston Ridgefield Lyme Avon Woodbridge Washington Farmington Sherman Granby Newtown Stamford Monroe Burlington Bolton Oxford Marlborough Salem East Granby Southbury Durham Hebron South Windsor Milford North Haven Harwinton Wethersfield Canaan Clinton Columbia Bethel Southington Deep River Barkhamsted Hamden Watertown Lisbon Preston Manchester Newington Thomaston Middletown Groton Windsor Willington East Haven Naugatuck Thompson Putnam Torrington Eastford Plainfield Mansfield New Britain Hartford Overdose deaths, 2004 through 2016, Source CT OCME Per capita income, Source: U.S. Census 2010 Although every town has been affected by drug overdose deaths, less affluent areas of the state are generally more likely to bear the brunt of this epidemic.

Overdose deaths and the prison system CT Accidental Drug Intoxication Deaths 1000 900 With a DOC Number 800 700 438 No DOC Record 600 411 500 400 314 262 300 209 479 181 162 200 318 244 236 100 157 147 127 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 CT Accidental Drug Deaths 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Total Drug Deaths 289 328 366 498 558 729 917 With a DOC Number 127 147 157 236 244 318 479 No DOC Record 162 181 209 262 314 411 438 % with a DOC record 44% 45% 43% 47% 44% 44% 52%

Jail re-interview data, 2011 2011 Pre-trial offenders acknowledging heroin use 45 40 Black 35 White Pre-trial admittees 30 Hispanic 25 20 15 10 5 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Age at 2011 pre-trial admit As long ago as 2011, we had the data to begin to see the wave coming.

In the data as long as 2011 2011 Pre-trial prisoners admitting heroin use 500 White 18 Hispanic 92 400 41 Black 300 159 75 200 356 1 117 100 181 9 79 61 0 Under 21 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50 100% 1% 4% 11% 13% 20% 28% 80% 42% 60% 43% 86% 40% 76% 48% 20% 29% 0% Under 21 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50

OPM/CJPPD – Research 450 Capitol Avenue Hartford CT, 06106 www.ct.gov/opm/CriminalJustice/Research

Drug deaths and incarceration history Approximately 14,500 people are incarcerated in CT today. The DOC cannot definitively identify which of these offenders have a history of opioid use.

Cities and towns in CT, 2010 If we take the towns with 15.0% WHN the ten largest populations 12.0% of blacks, whites and 9.0% Hispanics in the state, we 6.0% end up with a list of 18 2.6% 2.1% towns. 2.0% 1.9% 2.0% 3.0% 1.8% 1.8% 1.9% 1.9% 1.5% 1.6% 1.4% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 0.8% 0.8% 0.3% 0.0% Bloomfield Bridgeport Bristol Danbury East Hartford Fairfield Greenwich Hamden Hartford Meriden Milford New Britain New Haven Norwalk Stamford Waterbury West Hartford West Haven Top 10 towns sorted by BNH 13.9% 15.0% 13.2% 12.9% group population contain: 12.0% • 68% of blacks 9.0% • 64% of Hispanics, and 5.9% 6.0% 4.8% • 19% of whites 3.7% 3.5% 3.4% 3.4% 3.0% 2.4% 3.0% 1.5% 1.5% 1.1% 0.6% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.0% In 2010, the 4 largest cities Bloomfield Bridgeport Bristol Danbury East Hartford Fairfield Greenwich Hamden Hartford Meriden Milford New Britain New Haven Norwalk Stamford Waterbury West Hartford West Haven Hispanics 15.0% in the state were home to: 11.5% • 45.9% of CT black non- 11.3% 12.0% Hispanics 9.0% 7.4% 7.2% 6.1% • 37.4% of the CT 5.6% 6.0% 4.2% 4.3% 3.7% Hispanics, and 2.8% 2.1% 3.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 1.1% 0.6% 0.6% • 5.7% of the state ’ s white 0.2% 0.0% Bloomfield Bridgeport Bristol Danbury East Hartford Fairfield Greenwich Hamden Hartford Meriden Milford New Britain New Haven Norwalk Stamford Waterbury West Hartford West Haven non-Hispanics.

Tableau Link https://public.tableau.com/views/OverdoseAnalysis/Overdose Analysis?:embed=y&:display_count=yes&publish=yes