12/22/2008 Issues: •Aesthetics affecting quality of life Oakland spends $3.5 million a year •Crime C i on energy and several hundred •Reducing emissions thousand dollars on maintenance •Managing generation resources for about 36,000 street lights •Cost and finding capital for retrofits •Jobs •Jobs New Technologies are Creating New Technologies are Creating Opportunities Opportunities • LEDs LEDs More useful light/ Watt? • Induction for Street Lighting I d ti f St t Li hti Induction Like LED w/ less glare • Electronic Ballasts, including HPS and MH Electronic Ballasts 12% more efficient • Two way communication to addressable 2 –Way Comm. Diagnostics & refinement luminaires Dimming Refinement & late night • Dimming controls g Better photocells Lumen maintenance • Better photocells Metering Cost recovery thru savings • Miniaturized metering 1
12/22/2008 Colors look better with broad spectrum light compared to HPS 0' 0' 11' 22' 33' 44' 55' 66' 77' 12 88' 99' 100 Watt HPS Lamp (121 Watts) 77 Watts LED 36% less energy 110' 121' 132' 143' 154' 165' 176' Photopic HPS Lux 187' 198' 209' 24' 220' 231' 242' 253' 264' 275' 287' 299' 311' 323' 335' 36' 347' 359' 0' 11' 22' 33' 44' 55' 66' 77' 88' 99' 110' 121' 132' 143' 154' 165' 176' 187' 198' 209' 220' 231' Photopic LED Lux 242' 253' 264' 275' 287' 299' 311' 323' 335' 3 347' 359' 371' 383' 395' Uniformity of LEDs seems better than HPS. What is more important - average illuminance with adequate uniformity or …and the systems seem to be more efficient! minimum illuminance with better uniformity? Photos: Tyson Cook of Energy Solutions from PG&E Emerging Technologies Report Source: PG&E Emerging Technologies Report BRK2 Quality Considerations Before Watt for Watt, broad spectrum light seems more effective than monochrome light from HPS, but Using the New Technology how do we decide what’s best and engineer around it with confidence? • Do people feel safe on the street at night? Do people feel safe on the street at night? • How can we evaluate the performance without presuming the • Does lighting support police needs? outcome? • Do potential criminals feel vulnerable? • What is the relative effectiveness of bluer light compared to HPS? • Does lighting support good quality of life? • What research is needed and how can funding be acquired? • What are lighting quality factors that show up as demands for more light? as demands for more light? • Can light be too blue? Are there effective glare standards? C li ht b t bl ? A th ff ti l t d d ? • How can the research results be disseminated to guide street lighting professional? 2
Slide 7 BRK2 Bruce Kinzey 3/24/2008 Careful of words like "feel." By definition very subjective and thus highly variable across demographics. Also, feeling safe doesn't necessarily translate to being safe and in fact may backfire. Bruce Kinzey, 3/24/2008
12/22/2008 Cost-Effectiveness Target Plot Future vision: Maintenance Savings • High quality systems that minimize over-lighting $1,100 t (USD) $30 per year • Wireless addressability $1,000 aire Installation Incremental Cost $900 • Lumen maintenance $20.40 per year (Spot Replacement $800 Estimate) • Dimming into and out of civil twilight $700 $1 0.97 per year • Late night dimming (Group Replacement Estimate) $600 • Police and resident override by mobile phone $500 $0 per year • Premium efficiency components $400 $300 LED Lumina $200 $100 $0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Simple Payback Period (Years) Source: PG&E Emerging Technologies Report 3
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