Norwegian Veterinary Institute and serology based surveillance - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Norwegian Veterinary Institute and serology based surveillance programs 1 st Nordic Vet erinary S erology Meet ing May 5 th -6 th S iv Klevar, DVM, PhD S ection for Immunology

History  Established in 1891 by Ole Olsen Malm (veterinarian and medical doctor )  Main production: tuberculin and serum production  1914 : Moved to Ullevålsveien 68 Veterinær- Instituttet at Adamstua 1924 Ole Olsen Malm

The Norwegian Veterinary Institute is a research institute in the areas of animal health, fish health and food safety, whose primary function is supply of research support to the authorities. Preparedness, diagnostics, surveillance and monitoring, reference and scientific advisory functions and risk assessment are the most important areas.

The Norwegian Veterinary Institute Tromsø Harstad Trondheim Bergen Oslo S andnes

The disease situation is favourable in Norway  Located at “ the cold top” of Europe surrounded by the sea  S mall livestock units and a small livestock population spread over a large geographical area  Limited import of livestock from countries with a less favourable disease situation  A well-organized and -developed livestock industry and Veterinary S ervices  The Nordic countries have prevented contagious diseases systematically for more than 100 years

The first Norwegian S urveillance programs • Mycobact erium bovis : S tarted eradication in 1895 • Importance of test sensitivity and specificity • 1895: 26% of examined herds were infected and 7% in 1920 • 1932: Very few cases • Documented freedom in 1963 (S weden 1958)

Eradication of bovine brucellosis Brucellose : Brucella abortus (Bangs bacille)  1920-30: Examined more than 60 000 cases, blood agglutination test and cultivation (free of charge)  1952: First country that documented freedom Halfdan Holth 1933

The Norwegian surveillance and control programmes  S urveillance on different diseases based on diagnostic material from veterinarians in the field  In 1994 the European Economic Area Agreement with the EU  S ystematic surveillance of animal diseases

Three categories for the surveillance and control -programmes  Programmes implementing EEA-directives and regulations (Brucellosis, tuberculosis, EBL)  Programmes related to additional guarantees within the EEA region (IBR/ IPV, AD and S almonella )  Other national surveillance and control programmes (BVD, swineflu, maedi)

S urveillance and control programs  The Food S afety Authority is responsible for the programs  S ampling is performed by or under the supervision of official inspectors in the Norwegian Food S afety Authority and submitted to NVI  The programs are planned and coordinated by the Norwegian Veterinary Institute (scientific quality) ● Epidemiological design ● Testing and analysing (approved methods) ● Interpreting and presenting the results

Ongoing surveillance programmes for terrestrial animals 2014 Programmes implementing Programmes related to Other national surveillance Animal EEA-directives and additional guarantees and control programmes regulations within the EEA region Enzootisk bovin leukose (1994) Infectious Bovine Brucella abortus (2000) Rhinotracheitis Paratuberculosis (1996) Cattle Blutongue (2008) / Infectious Pustular Bovine virus diarrhea(1992) Bovine tuberculosis (2000) Vulvovaginitis (1992) BS E (1998) Transmissible gasteroenteritt Auj eszkys disease (1994) (1995) Swine S almonellosis (1995) PRRS (1995) wine influenza (1997) S S crapie (1997) Maedi(1997) Small ruminants Brucella melitensis (2004) Paratuberculosis(2001) Blutongue (2008) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) (1997) Newcastle disease avian rhinotracheitis (ART) Poultry Mycoplasma S almonellosis (1995-96) (turkey). S almonellosis Campylobact er (2001) Avian influenza(2005) Wild birds Avian influenza(2005) Tuberculose (2000) Deer Chronic wasting disease (2005) Camelider Paratuberculose (2000)

Cattle: Livestock poulation Total no. of dairy herds: 9 103 Total no. of beef herds: 4 132 Total :13 235 Total no. of animals ≈ 830 000 photo: Hanne Mari Jordsmyr No. of Percentage of No. of sampled inconclusive No. of positive Disease Agent Method Company herds herds / animals herds /animals animals Enzootisk bovin 16% of dairy 1489 herds EBL ELISA Svanova 0 0 leukose 23% beef 935 herds Infectious 16% of dairy 1489 herds Bovine IBR/IPV ELISA Svanova 0 0 23% beef 935 herds Rhinotracheitis 11 weak positive bulk Bovine virus 16% of dairy 1489 herds milk BVDV ELISA Svanova 0 diarrhea 23% beef 935 herds 1 pooled serum positive Bluetongue BTV ELISA IDvet 518 dairy herds 0 0 In case of 44 foetus Brucellosis (2013) Brucella abortus ELISA Svanova 1 0 abortions 152 animals Schmallenberg SBV ELISA IDvet 2,391 dairy herds 0 413 (2013)

S mall ruminants: Livestock poulation Total no. of sheep flocks: 14 218 ≈ 1 million animals Total no. of goat herds: 1 490 ≈ 90 000 animals No. of Percentage of No. of sampled inconclusive No. of positive Disease Agent Method Company herds herds / animals herds /animals animals 25% of sheep 3489 flocks/ Maedi Maedi Visna virus ELISA IDEXX flocks 10 044 sheep 4 0 8 % goat herds 2 555 goats 25% of sheep 3489 flocks/ Brucella Brucellosis Rose Bengal flocks 10 044 sheep 0 0 melitensis 8 % goat herds 2 555 goats Caprine artheritt CAE ELISA IDEXX 1199 animals Enchalitis 17 herds/397 Schmallenberg SBV ELISA IDvet animals 0 1 (2013)

Poultry: Livestock poulation Egg laying hen (>20 weeks) ≈ 2000 flocks ≈4.4 million animals Flocks >250 birds ≈570 ≈4.1 million animals Broiler: 55 millions slaughtered No. of sampled No. of No. of positive Disease Agent Method Company Farms Flocks birds animals Broilers: Infect ious Broilers: 64 Parent Broilers: 86 laryngot racheitis ILT virus ELISA Synbiotics 2519 0 Layers: 10 Parent Layers: 13 Layers: 390 Commercial flocks 110 Avian influenza AI ELISA IDEXX 3097 0 Certified breeder flocks: 125 Avian ART ELISA Svanova 45 47 1382 0 rhinotracheitis 60 samples from Newcastle disease APMV1 – 3 HI APHA each parent flock 6287 0 Mycoplasma Broilers: Agglutination/ Broilers: 64 Parent Broilers: 86 Mycoplasma gallisepticum / SVA/IDEXX 2519 0 ELISA Layers: 10 Parent Layers: 13 meleagridis Layers: 390

Norwegian pig production Pigs slaughtered: ≈1.6 million Sows: ≈55.000 Herds: ≈2000 Breeding: ≈1200 Fattening: ≈800

Results 2014 No. of sampled No. of sampled No. of negative No. of positive Disease Agent Method Company herds animals animals animals Aujeszkys disease/ PRV ELISA Svanova 734 5038 5038 0 Pseudorabies Porcine respiratory and PRRSV ELISA IDEXX 734 5038 5038 0 reproductive syndrome Transmissible TGEV gastroenteritis ELISA Svanova 734 5038 5038 0 Porcine respiratory PRCV corona virus Mycoplasma Enzootic hyopneumoniae ELISA Oxoid ca 350 2708 2708 pneumonia Swineflu PIV ELISA IDvet 642 4082 2894 1086 Porcine epidemic PEDV ELISA Biovet Starting up 2015 diarrhea

Laboratory methods and testing  All tests performed by the Norwegian Veterinary Institute  Collaboration with European Union reference labs ● Ring trials and proficiency tests ● Confirmatory tests  Quality control system in place (IS O 17025)  General accreditation for ELIS A tests pending

Nordic cooperation?  Most diagnost ics on farm animals is performed at NVI  All not ifiable diseases are diagnosed at NVI ● NVI are responsible for not ifying Food S afet y Aut horit y  How are posit ive t est s in surveillance programs handled?  S erological confirmat ory t est s are expensive t o keep ● S hould different Nordic laborat ories maint ain different t est s?  Cooperat ion regarding ext ra samples when t est s are accredit ed?  Cooperat ion when est ablishing new t est s (emerging diseases)?  Mult iplex t est ing?