non-market household production in India: A benchmark study Laishram - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Gender differential in time spent in non-market household production in India: A benchmark study Laishram Ladusingh International Institute for Population Sciences India

Introduction  Micro and macro economy production process which effects welfare of society includes not only market production but also household non-market production  In all societies it is the women who contributes most to household non-market production  However household non-market production goes unreported in the System of National Accounts (SNA)  As a results women’s contribution to the welfare of society is not included in the calculation of GDP

Objectives  In this study an attempt is made to analyze time spent in non-market household production and assess gender differential in time spent  Compare time spent in non-market household production by age and residence background

Data & Methods  NSSO conducted the only time use survey for India in 1998-99  For members of households aged 6 years and above the survey collected information on time spent in doing different activities in minutes  The survey covered six states of the country  Descriptive statistics, diagrammatic presentatio n

Time spent by activities in India (in hour per day) HH Care of Social & Personal Primary Secondary maintenance children, Community Statistics Learning cultural care & self- production activities & sick & services activities maintenance management elderly Number of 63172 63172 63172 63172 63172 63172 63172 63172 observations Percentage(nu 50.9 75.1 47.1 77.2 99.0 82.0 44.2 0.0 mber) not participating (32141) (47442) (29759) (48795) (62539) (51658) (27924) (3.1) (exact zeros) 2.8 1.8 2.2 0.4 0.02 1.4 1.4 14.0 Mean in hours 25th percentile 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.2 in hours Median in 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 13.5 hours 75th percentile 6.0 0.0 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 15.3 in hours Variance in 14.1 13.2 9.0 0.9 0.1 9.7 3.9 7.9 hours-squared

Average time use in hours per day by activity ,sex and residence India (1998-99) Activity Rural Urban Male Female Average Male Female Average Primary production Activities 4.56 2.86 3.73 0.53 0.36 0.45 Secondary activities 1.72 0.44 1.10 5.80 1.03 3.51 HH maintenance and management 0.30 4.15 2.17 0.29 4.45 2.29 Care of children, sick and elderly 0.13 0.64 0.38 0.13 0.72 0.41 Community services 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 Learning 1.47 1.03 1.26 1.70 1.52 1.61 Social and cultural activities, mass media 1.33 0.94 1.14 2.23 2.19 2.21 Personal care and self maintenance 14.49 13.92 14.21 13.31 13.73 13.51

100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 0% Average Time Use In Hours Per Day by Activities Primary production 3.73 0.45 Activities 3.51 1.10 Secondary activities HH maintenance and 2.17 2.29 management Care of children, sick 0.38 0.41 and elderly 0.02 0.01 Community services 1.26 1.61 Learning Social and cultural 1.14 2.21 activities, mass media Personal care and self 14.21 13.51 maintenance Rural Urban

Average time use in hours per day on different activities by sex & residence Personal care and self maintenance Female Social and cultural activities, mass Urban media Learning Male Community services Care of children, Female sick and elderly Rural HH maintenance and management Male Secondary activities 0 5 10 15 20

Gender Differential in Time Spent by Age Care for child, sick and elderly Household Management 90 400 80 350 70 300 60 250 50 200 40 150 30 100 20 50 10 0 0 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 Female Male Female Male

Average time use in hours per day on different activities by broad age groups 100% 0.01 0.37 90% 1.00 0.83 1.49 0.37 2.55 80% 17.73 0.03 70% 1.06 60% 60+ 50% 5.36 13.65 2.31 40% 2.74 0.46 3.40 0.01 16-59 30% 2.98 20% 6-15 13.85 0.01 10% 0.15 0.57 0.79 0.30 0% Primary production Secondary activities HH maintenance & Care of children, sick & Community services Learning Personal care & self Social & cultural activities management maintenance elderly

100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 0% 4.29 2.07 Primary production Average time spent in hours per day on different activities 0.92 2.21 Secondary activities Non-literate HH maintenance & 2.97 0.53 1.83 0.31 management Care of children, sick & elderly 0.01 0.02 Community services among females by age groups Literate 0.03 2.01 Learning 0.60 1.85 Social & cultural activities Personal care & self 14.65 13.70 maintenance 100% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 10% 0% 4.59 1.57 Primary production 3.79 0.41 Secondary activities Paid work HH maintenance & 0.92 0.19 3.08 0.52 management Care of children, sick & elderly Unpaid work 0.02 0.01 Community services 0.03 2.27 Learning 0.82 1.87 Social & cultural activities Personal care & self 13.64 14.26 maintenance

Conclusion  It is evident that women spent much more time in food preparation, household maintenance, care of children and sick than men  Though non-market household production contributes to welfare of the society it is not considered as part of the GDP  There is gradual realization of the contribution of women in the economy of a country and some countries have already accounted non-market household production in extended SNA  Integration of NTA and NTTA shall be a step towards Gender accounting particularly for India  Time use survey with nationwide coverage for India is recommended

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