Semester projects Semester projects Narrative hierarchy Semester projects The Plan The Plan Principles of Complex Systems Suggestions for Suggestions for CSYS/MATH 300, Fall, 2010 Projects Projects Presenting at many scales: References References ◮ 1 to 3 word encapsulation, a soundbite, Prof. Peter Dodds ◮ a sentence/title, Department of Mathematics & Statistics ◮ a few sentences, Center for Complex Systems Vermont Advanced Computing Center ◮ a paragraph, University of Vermont ◮ a short paper, ◮ a long paper, ◮ . . . Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License . 1 of 49 4 of 49 Semester projects Semester projects Outline topics: The Plan The Plan Suggestions for Suggestions for Projects Projects References References The Plan Suggestions for Projects ◮ Study movement and interactions of people. References ◮ Brockmann et al. [4] “Where’s George” study. ◮ Barabasi’s group: tracking movement via cell phones [18] . 2 of 49 5 of 49 Semester projects Semester projects topics: Semester projects The Plan The Plan Suggestions for Suggestions for Projects Projects References References Requirements: 1. 3 minute introduction to project (fourth week) Explore Sugarscape. 2. 10 minute final presentation 3. Report: ≥ 5 pages (single space), journal-style 4. Goal: seed papers or help papers along. 3 of 49 6 of 49
Semester projects Semester projects topics: topics: Explore and critique Fowler and Christakis et al. The Plan The Plan Suggestions for Projects Suggestions for Projects work on social contagion of: Explore “Catastrophic cascade of failures in References References interdependent networks” Buldyrev et al., Nature 2010 [5] . a b c ◮ Obesity [8] ◮ Smoking cessation [9] ◮ Happiness [16] Figure 1 | Modelling a blackout in Italy. Illustration of an iterative process of at the next step are marked in green. b , Additional nodes that were ◮ a cascade of failures using real-world data from a power network (located on disconnected from the Internet communication network giant component the map of Italy) and an Internet network (shifted above the map) that were are removed (red nodes above map). As a result the power stations Loneliness [6] implicated in an electrical blackout that occurred in Italy in September depending on them are removed from the power network (red nodes on Figure 1. Loneliness clusters in the Framingham Social Network. This graph shows the largest component of 2003 20 . The networks are drawn using the real geographical locations and map). Again, the nodes that will be disconnected from the giant cluster at the friends, spouses, and siblings at Exam 7 (centered on the year 2000). There are 1,019 individuals shown. Each every Internet server is connected to the geographically nearest power next step are marked in green. c , Additional nodes that were disconnected node represents a participant, and its shape denotes gender (circles are female, squares are male). Lines between station. a , One power station is removed (red node on map) from the power from the giant component of the power network are removed (red nodes on nodes indicate relationship (red for siblings, black for friends and spouses). Node color denotes the mean number network and as a result the Internet nodes depending on it are removed from map) as well as the nodes in the Internet network that depend on them (red of days the focal participant and all directly connected (Distance 1) linked participants felt lonely in the past the Internet network (red nodes above the map). The nodes that will be nodes above map). week, with yellow being 0–1 days, green being 2 days, and blue being greater than 3 days or more. The graph disconnected from the giant cluster (a cluster that spans the entire network) suggests clustering in loneliness and a relationship between being peripheral and feeling lonely, both of which are confirmed by statistical models discussed in the main text. One question: how does the (very) sparse sampling of a real social network affect their findings? 7 of 49 10 of 49 Semester projects Semester projects topics: topics: The Plan The Plan Suggestions for Projects Suggestions for Projects ◮ Explore general theories on system robustness. References References ◮ Are there universal signatures that presage system failure? The problem of missing data in networks: ◮ See “Early-warning signals for critical transitions” ◮ Clauset et al. (2008) Scheffer et al., Nature 2009. [29] “Hierarchical structure and the prediction of missing ◮ “Although predicting such critical points before they links in networks” [10] are reached is extremely difficult, work in different ◮ Kossinets (2006) scientific fields is now suggesting the existence of “Effects of missing data in social networks” [24] generic early-warning signals that may indicate for a wide class of systems if a critical threshold is approaching.” ◮ Later in class: Doyle et al., robust-yet-fragile systems 8 of 49 11 of 49 topics: Semester projects topics: Semester projects The Plan The Plan ◮ Explore “self-similarity of complex networks” [30, 31] ◮ Study the human disease and disease gene Suggestions for Projects Suggestions for Projects References References First work by Song et al. , Nature, 2005. networks (Goh et al. , 2007): ◮ See accompanying comment by Strogatz [32] a Human Disease Network ◮ See also “Coarse-graining and self-dissimilarity of complex networks” by Itzkovitz et al. [ ? ] Node size Cataract Myopathy Deafness 41 Retinitis Epidermolysis Muscular pigmentosa bullosa dystrophy Cardiomyopathy Leigh 34 syndrome Stroke Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 30 Myocardial infarction Diabetes mellitus Epilepsy Alzheimer 25 Ataxia- disease Mental telangiectasia retardation Gastric Obesity cancer Hypertension 21 Pseudohypo- Atheroscierosis aldosteronism Prostate cancer 15 Breast Lymphoma Asthma cancer Fanconi Colon anemia cancer 10 Hirschprung disease Parkinson 5 Leukemia Thyroid disease 1 carcinoma Blood group Spherocytosis Spinocereballar ataxia Hemolytic anemia Complement_component deficiency 9 of 49 12 of 49
Semester projects Semester projects topics: topics: The Plan The Plan Suggestions for Projects Suggestions for Projects References References Related papers: ◮ “Origins of fractality in the growth of complex ◮ Develop and elaborate an online experiment to study networks” some aspect of social phenomena Song et al. (2006a) [31] ◮ e.g., collective search, cooperation, cheating, ◮ “Skeleton and Fractal Scaling in Complex Networks” influence, creation, decision-making, etc. Go et al. (2006a) [17] ◮ Part of the PLAY project. ◮ “Complex Networks Renormalization: Flows and Fixed Points” Radicchi et al. (2008a) [28] 13 of 49 16 of 49 Semester projects Semester projects topics: topics: The Plan The Plan ◮ Explore patterns, designed and undesigned, of cities Suggestions for Projects Suggestions for Projects and suburbs. References References ◮ Study collective creativity arising out of social interactions ◮ Productivity, wealth, creativity, disease, etc. appear to increase superlinearly with population ◮ Start with Bettencourt et al.’s “Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities” [2] 14 of 49 17 of 49 topics: Semester projects topics: Semester projects ◮ Physics/Society—Wars: The Plan The Plan Study work that started Suggestions for Projects Suggestions for Projects References with Lewis Richardson’s References “Looking at Gielen’s work, it’s tempting to propose a new “Variation of the branch of the human sciences: geometric sociology, a study of frequency of fatal nothing but the shapes our inhabited spaces make. Its quarrels with research agenda would ask why these forms, angles and geometries emerge so consistently, from prehistoric Group i fragments magnitude” in 1949. with probability ! settlements to the fringes of exurbia. Are sites like these an Group i ◮ Specifically explore Strength s i Solving equations analytically in aesthetic pursuit, a mathematical accident, a calculated Groups i and j coalesce with steady-state regime, gives: probability (1- ! ) ! 5 = 2.5 Clauset et al. and n s ! s ~ 2 bending of property lines based on glitches in the local Modifying probability of coalescence-fragmentation Johnson et al.’s so that larger attack units are planning code or an emergent combination of all these factors? Group j more rigid, and again solving Strength s j work [11, 21, 3] on terrorist analytically, gives: ( ) Or are they the expression of something buried deep in human ! 2.5 ! " n s ! s ~ attacks and civil wars culture and the unconscious, something only visible from high above?” ◮ Richardson bonus: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/09/17/the-geometry-of-sprawl/ ( ⊞ ) Britain’s coastline, turbulence, weather prediction, ... 15 of 49 18 of 49 r e
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