IT 2 EC London 28 April 2020 My y Dig igit ital al Sib iblin ling Andy Fawkes DRAFT as of 6-Jan-20
Ove vervi view ew • Digital Twins • Fidelity • Capability Life Cycle • “Digital Sibling”
Di Digit gital al Tw Twins ins
Di Digi gital al Tw Twin ins s in in the he Ne News • Update closer to publication
Dig igital ital Twin in Definitions initions – Wi Wikipedia ipedia (2 (2020) 020) Definition Authors "The Digital Twin is a set of virtual information constructs that fully describes a potential or actual physical manufactured product from the micro atomic level to the macro geometrical level. At its optimum, any information 1 Grieves & Vickers (2016) that could be obtained from inspecting a physical manufactured product can be obtained from its Digital Twin." "A Digital Twin is an integrated multiphysics, multiscale, probabilistic simulation of an as-built vehicle or system that uses the best available physical models, sensor updates, fleet history, etc., to mirror the life of its 2 Glaessgen & Stargel, (2012) corresponding flying twin" "Coupled model of the real machine that operates in the cloud platform and simulates the health condition with an Lee, Lapira, Bagheri, an Kao, 3 (2013) integrated knowledge from both data driven analytical algorithms as well as other available physical knowledge" "digital twin is a real mapping of all components in the product life cycle using physical data, virtual data and Tao, Sui, Liu, Qi, Zhang, 4 Song, Guo, Lu & Nee, (2018) interaction data between them" Bolton, McColl-Kennedy, "a dynamic virtual representation of a physical object or system across its lifecycle, using real-time data to enable 5 Cheung, Gallen, Orsingher, understanding, learning and reasoning" Witell & Zaki, (2018) Söderberg, R., Wärmefjord, "Using a digital copy of the physical system to perform real-time optimization" 6 K., Carlson, J. S., & Lindkvist, L. (2017) 7 "A digital twin is a real time digital replica of a physical device" Bacchiega (2017) "A digital twin is a digital replica of a living or non-living physical entity. By bridging the physical and the virtual 8 El Saddik, A. (2018) world, data is transmitted seamlessly allowing the virtual entity to exist simultaneously with the physical entity." In the context of Digital Built Britain a digital twin is "a realistic digital representation of assets, processes or 9 The Gemini Principles (2018) systems in the built or natural environment"
Whic Wh ich h Di Digi gital l Tw Twin? in? • In Real Time • Over Capability Lifecycle • Digital twin is the digital representation of a capability at any given point in time
Di Differing ring Us User Pe Persp spective ectives s of of Di Digi gital al Tw Twin ins Design & Manufacture - Operation & Training
But Wait… There’s More! A Digital Thread is the digital record of all “states” of a Capability over time from conception to disposal Source:- Capgemini “Establishing a fully -functional digital twin or digital thread in aviation, aerospace and defense ” 9 Feb 2018
But Wait… There’s Even Mor ore! e! A Digital Tapestry links all stages of a product’s life cycle, seamlessly connecting conceptualization, design, verification, manufacturing and sustainment to better understand and improve products(s) through life Lockheed Martin
The SBA Vis isio ion “an acquisition process in which DoD and industry are enabled by robust, collaborative use of simulation technology that is integrated across acquisition phases and programs.” US DoD Acquisition Council (1997) An Architecture for Simulation Based Acquisition, 2000 John F. Keane, Robert R. Lutz, Stephen E. Myers, and James E. Coolahan
JSF SF Di Digi gital al Pr Prod oduct uct Da Data (2002) 002) JSF Digital Product Data - Jim Hollenbach, Simulation Strategies, Inc. JSF Modeling Information Sources Action Team - 25 June 2002
Simul Si ulation ation and nd Di Digi gital al Tw Twin ins • A Simulation Requires: – Model(s) – Data – Running over time, real or faster • Typical Purposes of Analysis or Training • Digital Twins offer the prospect of consistent reusable available data for simulations through life
Di Digi gital al Tw Twin in Da Data Simulated Real Data Data Capability Lifecyle
Si Simul ulation ation Us Usage ge Analysis Training Capability Lifecyle
Fid idelity elity
Wh Why is Si y is Simul ulation ation Fi Fide delity lity Im Impo portant? rtant? • Fit for Purpose • Cost • Time
Si Simu mulatio lation n Fi Fideli delity ty SISO F O Fidelit delity y Imp mplem ementation entation Stu tudy dy Gr Group p (9 (99) 9) • “Simulation fidelity has to do with how well the simulation responses and results correspond to what the simulation represents.” • “Fidelity should generally be described with respect to the measures, standards or perceptions used in assessing or stating it.”
George Box “All Models are Wrong” All models are approximations. Assumptions, whether implied or clearly stated, are never exactly true. All models are wrong, but some models are useful. So the question you need to ask is not "Is the model true?" (it never is) but "Is the model good enough for this particular application?“ Statistical Control By Monitoring and Adjustment (George Box, Alberto Luceño, Maria del Carmen Paniagua-Quiñones) 2009
Si Simul ulation ation Fi Fide delity lity RAND Report “Collective Simulation -Based Based Training aining in the e U.S. S. Army my - Use ser r Interface Fidelity, Costs, and Training Effectiveness” (19) “High physical fidelity does not necessarily produce better training. Psychological fidelity - the degree to which the simulator prompts relevant cognitive, behavioral, and affective responses - is key to effective learning and training transfer.”
Ca Capab pability ility Li Lifecyc fecycle le
Wa Waterfal erfall l De Deve velop lopment ment The waterfall model is a breakdown of project activities into linear sequential phases, where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous one and corresponds to a specialisation of tasks.
V-Mo Mode del The left side of the "V" represents the decomposition of requirements, and creation of system specifications. The right side of the "V" represents integration of parts and their validation. Validation can be expressed by the query "Are you building the right thing?" and verification by "Are you building it right?“
Spir Sp iral l De Deve velopment lopment Each phase in spiral model begins with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress with more emphasis placed on risk analysis. Each subsequent spirals builds on the baseline spiral.
Li Lifecycl cycles es and nd Si Simul ulation ation Effective Use of Synthetic Environments to Support the Acquisition Life Cycle (2003) Peter Jackson, Thales Training & Simulation Ltd. UK
Di Digit gital al Si Sibling bling
Ho How Mu Much h do do I ne I need d to o Mo Mode del? l?
A Di Digi gital al Si Sibl blin ing? g? • Fu Full ll sib ibli ling ngs s are e fir irst st- degr gree ee relatives latives and, nd, on on average, verage, sha hare re 50% 0% of of the heir ir genes nes • The hey y typical pically ly ha have ve a sha hared red hi history ory • Si Simi mila lar r but ut no not the he same me
A “Digital Sibling” • A digi gital tal model el that t is broad oadly ly similar ilar and that t has a has a shared red history ory as the act ctual ual cap apabi abili lity ty • A digi gital tal model el that t is manag naged ed and d main intai tained ned through ugh life, e, agreed reed by all stakeho akeholders lders at the same me dec ecisio sions ns points ts as the actua tual l capabil pability ity • One that t is not the highest hest fidel delity ity but is fit for purpose, pose, availa ailable ble and d cost st effecti fective ve through ugh life
Qu Ques estions? tions?
Recommend
More recommend
