Monitoring and modeling of phytoplankton and marine primary - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Monitoring and modeling of phytoplankton and marine primary production Lasse H. Pettersson, Lasse H. Pettersson, Annette Samuelsen and Anton Korosov Annette Samuelsen and Anton Korosov lasse.pettersson@nersc.no lasse.pettersson@nersc.no Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Norway WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Outline • The ”problem” – the Norwegian perspective • Biomass and ocean dynamics • Satellite remote sensing • Marine ecosystem modelling • Onset of the spring bloom • Monitoring and modelling of marine productivity • Indian Ocean modelling WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

The Problem – Norwegian “view” • Eutrophication Eutrophication and Global Change and Global Change • Increased Transport and Spreading Increased Transport and Spreading • Harmful Algae Blooms ( Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs HABs) • Environmental Effects: Environmental Effects: • Fish & Shellfish Aquaculture • Fisheries & Wild Life • Coastal Zone Biodiversity • Health • Recreation & Tourism • Off-shore Industry • etc. WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

How physical processes that influence marine organisms Illustration from Svein Sundby, IMR WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Satellite-based parameters • Bio Bio-physical parameters: physical parameters: – Chlorophyll Chlorophyll-a concentration a concentration - Plankton biomass Plankton biomass – Totalt Suspended matter Totalt Suspended matter - Sediments Sediments – Dissolved Organic Matter Dissolved Organic Matter- Yellow Substance (YS) Yellow Substance (YS) – RGB “true” colour image RGB “true” colour image- The water colour The water colour – Sea surface temperature (SST): Sea surface temperature (SST): Currents and Currents and advection of water masses advection of water masses • Additional parameters Additional parameters – – Diffuse attenuation coefficient: Diffuse attenuation coefficient: Light attenuation Light attenuation – Solar radiation (PAR): Solar radiation (PAR): Available light Available light WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

��������������������������� ������������� Data courtesy: Remote Sensing Group, PML, UK / NASA SeaWiFS Project WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

The ToPAZ model system • ToPAZ3: Atlantic and Arctic – HYCOM + EVP sea-ice model – 11-16 km horizontal resolution – 22 hybrid layers • EnKF – 100 members • Observations and Data assimilation – Sea Level Anomalies (CLS) – Sea Surface Temperatures (NOAA) – Sea Ice Concentration (NSIDC) – Sea ice drift (CERSAT) – Argo T/S profiles (Coriolis) • Runs weekly, 10 days forecasts – ECMWF forcing – Exploited at met.no since March 2008 • Set up for the Indian Ocean WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Couple physical-biological model Nitrate Phosphate Silicate • NORWECOM – Implemented in Flagellates Diatoms V2.2 of HYCOM Sinkin Sinkin Sinkin Sinkin g g g g – started from Climatology in 1996 Oxygen Microzooplankton Mesozooplankton – Use nutrients in rivers from GlobalNEWS Detritus hydrological model Biogenic Sinkin Sinkin silica – Hindcast and g g Sinkin Sinkin testing g g WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Monitoring and Modelling: Near real-time bloom prediction - 1. August 2005 http://HAB.nersc.no http://HAB.nersc.no http://moncoze.met.no http://moncoze.met.no WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Nested NORWECOM Model snapshot of surface chlorophyll in the end of April in Satellite image of chlorophyll HYCOM-NORWECOM from the same area on April 30, The model resolution is 2.3 km 2009. WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Onset of spring phytoplankton bloom from satellite data 150 145 140 135 Julian Day 130 125 ������������������ ����������������������������������������������� ��������������������������� 120 115 150 145 140 110 Julian Day 135 130 105 125 120 115 100 110 1998 2000 2002 2004 105 2006 2008 2010 100 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Year Year ������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������� ����������������������� ��������������� ������������� WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Onset of the Spring bloom – Norwegian Sea WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

The Norwegian Sea Nitrate (mg/m 3 ) WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Primary production Nordic Seas (1998- 2006) WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

ToPAZ: Modeled Sea Surface Temperature WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Validation against Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Wiggert, J. D., Murtugudde, R. G., and Christian, J. R., 2006. Annual ecosystem variability in the tropical Indian Ocean: Results of a coupled bio-physical ocean general circulation model, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 53, 644-676 WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Summary - Indian Ocean ecosystem • Indian (ISRO), European (ESA) and US satellite EO based monitoring systems • Regional and global verified EO products are available • Assimilation of EO, in situ and Argo data in models • Regional high resolution coupled ocean model • Ecosystem model (to be) implemented • Results to be validated • To be used in climate assessment and adaptation studies WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012

Thank You! Thank You! WCRP CORDEX workshop, IITM, Pune, India, 25-26 th February, 2012