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Feb 17, 2023 •145 likes •889 views

Measuring Per-Frame Energy Consumption of Real-Time Graphics Applications Bjrn Johnsson & Tomas Akenine-Mller Lund University & Intel Corporation 1 Why care about energy? 2 Why care about energy? Computing devices

  1. Measuring Per-Frame Energy Consumption of Real-Time Graphics Applications Björn Johnsson & Tomas Akenine-Möller � Lund University & Intel Corporation � 1

  2. Why care about energy? � 2

  3. Why care about energy? Computing devices increasingly battery powered Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 3

  4. Why care about energy? Computing devices increasingly battery powered • Mobile phones • Laptops • Tablets • Wearable technology � Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 4

  5. Why care about energy? Computing devices increasingly battery powered • Mobile phones • Laptops • Tablets • Wearable technology Smaller form factors require graphics Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 5

  6. Why care about energy? Computing devices increasingly battery powered • Mobile phones • Laptops • Tablets • Wearable technology Smaller form factors require graphics • Heat dissipation • Battery size and time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 6

  7. Why measure the energy? � 7

  8. Why measure the energy? Why not simulate? Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 8

  9. Why measure the energy? Why not simulate? • Simulation models need to be trained Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 9

  10. Why measure the energy? Why not simulate? • Simulation models need to be trained • Hardware speci fl c Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 10

  11. Why measure the energy? Why not simulate? • Simulation models need to be trained • Hardware speci fl c • Requires additional data: rendering time, primitive count… Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 11

  12. Why measure the energy? Why not simulate? • Simulation models need to be trained • Hardware speci fl c • Requires additional data: rendering time, primitive count… • Need to validate Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 12

  13. Why measure per-frame energy? � 13

  14. Why measure per-frame energy? Correlation Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 14

  15. Why measure per-frame energy? Correlation • Visually inspect energy-hungry frames Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 15

  16. Why measure per-frame energy? Correlation • Visually inspect energy-hungry frames • Other data collected per frame – Rendering time – Primitive count Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 16

  17. Energy � 17

  18. Energy Voltage U (volt) Voltage Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 18

  19. Energy Current I (ampere) Voltage Current Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 19

  20. Energy Power P (watt) � P = U*I Power Voltage Current Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 20

  21. Energy Energy E (joules) � ∫ E = P(t) dt Power Energy Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 21

  22. Our method � 22

  23. Our method Goal: Per-frame energy Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 23

  24. Our method Goal: Per-frame energy Method overview Three main steps Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 24

  25. Our method Goal: Per-frame energy Method overview Three main steps Voltage & current • Record current and voltage Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 25

  26. Our method Goal: Per-frame energy Method overview Three main steps P = U*I • Record current and voltage – To get power Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 26

  27. Our method Goal: Per-frame energy Method overview Three main steps • Record current and voltage Power – To get power • Acquire timestamps Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 27

  28. Our method Goal: Per-frame energy Method overview Three main steps • Record current and voltage Power – To get power • Acquire timestamps • Integrate power to energy Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 28

  29. Our method Goal: Per-frame energy Method overview Three main steps • Record current and voltage Power – To get power Frame 1 Frame 2 • Acquire timestamps • Integrate power to energy Time – For each frame Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 29

  30. Our method Step 1: Record current and voltage Recording • High frequency Data Acquisition Device (DAQ) Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 30

  31. Our method iPhone 4S Step 1: Record current and voltage Recording Battery • High frequency DAQ DAQ • Point of connection - + – What is measured? – What is not measured? Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 31

  32. Our method Step 1: Record current and voltage Recording • High frequency DAQ PSU • Point of connection CPU+ – What is measured? GPU – What is not measured? Motherboard DAQ iPhone 4S Battery DAQ - + Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 32

  33. Our method Step 1: Record current and voltage Recording DAQ • High frequency DAQ • Point of connection – What is measured? ATX +12V PSU – What is not measured? CPU+ GPU iPhone 4S PSU Motherboard CPU+ GPU Battery DAQ Motherboard - DAQ + Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 33

  34. Our method Step 1: Record current and voltage Recording • High frequency DAQ • Point of connection – What is measured? – What is not measured? DAQ iPhone 4S PSU CPU+ ATX +12V GPU PSU Battery CPU+ DAQ Motherboard GPU - DAQ + Motherboard Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 34

  35. Our method Step 2: Acquire timestamps � Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 35

  36. Our method Step 2: Acquire timestamps Method 1: Recording • Altering measured workload – Requires source code • Synchronization required Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 36

  37. Our method Step 2: Acquire timestamps Method 1: Recording • Altering measured workload – Requires source code • Synchronization required Method 2: Detect frame starts • Detect in curve – Semi-automatic – Works without source code Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 37

  38. Our method Detecting frame starts � Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 38

  39. Our method Detecting frame starts • Visually detect and mark � Mark Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 39

  40. Our method Detecting frame starts • Visually detect and mark • Record surrounding � Record Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 40

  41. Our method Detecting frame starts • Visually detect and mark • Record surrounding • Search for similar areas using LSE � Found Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 41

  42. Our method Detecting frame starts • Where does the frame start? � � � Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 42

  43. Our method Detecting frame starts • Where does the frame start? � � � Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 43

  44. Our method Step 3: Integrate energy Integrate between timestamps end � ∑ P t t=start E = f Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 44

  45. Our method Step 3: Integrate energy Integrate between timestamps end � ∑ P t ∫ t=start E = ≈ P(t) dt f Intel Iris Pro Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 45

  46. Observations � 46

  47. Observations Application launch • First few seconds of rendering iPhone 4S Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 47

  48. Observations Application launch • First few seconds of rendering • Signi fl cantly higher power iPhone 4S Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 48

  49. Observations Application launch • First few seconds of rendering • Signi fl cantly higher power – 5-10% higher – Both load and idle iPhone 4S Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 49

  50. Observations glFinish() GPU CPU Time Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 50

  51. Observations glFinish() • Blocks the application until commands are fl nished GPU CPU Time glFinish() Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 51

  52. Observations glFinish() • Blocks the application until commands are fl nished • Raises the power iPhone 4S iPhone 4S With glFinish() Without glFinish() Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 52

  53. Observations Disturbance by Operating System iPhone 4S Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 53

  54. Observations Disturbance by Operating System • Few frames with higher power iPhone 4S Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 54

  55. Observations Disturbance by Operating System • Few frames with higher power • 90ms every 5s iPhone 4S Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 55

  56. Observations Disturbance by Operating System • Few frames with higher power • 90ms every 5s – Same pattern without app running iPhone 4S Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 56

  57. Observations Disturbance by Operating System • Few frames with higher power • 90ms every 5s – Same pattern without app running Similar disturbances on most 
 platforms iPhone 4S Visual & Parallel Computing Group � 57

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