Lower Genesee River (OU-5 of the Eastman Business Park) Corrective Action Development February 12, 2020
Introductions ▪ NYSDEC • Lisa A. Gorton, P.E. – Project Manger ▪ Parsons • Matthew Vetter – Technical Lead ▪ Ramboll • Michael Rondinelli – Ecological Specialist 2
Objectives ▪ Review Site Location and History ▪ Review of Remedial Investigation Findings ▪ Review Corrective Measure Study Alternatives and Proposed Remedy • Remedial Action Objectives (RAOs) • River Based Alternatives – Preferred Alternative • Wetland Based Alternatives – Preferred Alternative ▪ Next Steps ▪ Questions and Comments 3
Site Location - Regional Overview 4
Site Location – Proposed Remediation Areas
Site Location - Study Area Overview Shumway Marine Turning Point Basin/Nav Channel Kings Landing Wastewater Treatment Plant (KLWWTP) 6
Site History ▪ Kodak Eastman Business Park constructed in 1891 • Manufactured film, paper, synthetic organic chemicals, and dyes • 2012 bankruptcy/facility reorganization ▪ Kings Landing Wastewater Treatment Plant (KLWWTP) • In operation since 1957 • Upgraded in 1970s (Clean Water Act) • Wastewater generated from film/paper process • Currently operated by RED Rochester 7
Study Area Characterization 8
RCRA Facility Investigation River Sampling Activities ▪ River sediment, surface water, CSO sediment sampling ▪ River bottom mapping • Bathymetry • Side-scan sonar ▪ Biological tissue sampling • Mussels • Forage, benthic, and predatory fish ▪ Benthic community assessment ▪ Sediment toxicity testing ▪ Hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling 9
RCRA Facility Investigation Wetland/Floodplain Sampling Activities ▪ Surface and subsurface wetland sediment/floodplain soil sampling ▪ Characterization of cover types ▪ Habitat and flora/fauna characterization ▪ Rare, threatened, and endangered species assessment 10
RCRA Facility Investigation Reporting 11
RCRA Facility Investigation River Characterization ▪ Ten sediment transects (T1 – T10) • Sediment • Sediment toxicity • Benthic macroinvertebrate community ▪ Five surface water transects ▪ Five fish tissue sampling reaches ▪ Three benthic macroinvertebrate (mussel) tissue transects (T4 – T6) 12
RFI Key Findings - River Characterization ▪ Nature and Extent of Contamination • Silver – Primary contaminant of concern for river and wetland sediments • Multiple exceedances of NYSDEC Class C SGVs • Silver in surface water present in suspended solids ▪ Geochronology core analysis – peak sediment concentrations buried ▪ Hydrodynamic and sediment transport modeling • Widespread erosion unlikely even under Hurricane Agnes event • Sediments subject to high shear stress under elevated flow conditions • Potential for scour highest along western shoreline 13
RFI Key Findings - River Sediment Silver Concentrations 14
RFI Key Findings - River Evaluation of Potential Impacts to Human Health/Environment ▪ Qualitative Human Health Exposure Assessment • Primary current and anticipated future use is passive recreation • Silver not identified as a contaminant of concern for human health ▪ Fish and Wildlife Resources Impact Analysis • Sediment toxicity testing – silver up to 69 mg/kg does not result in toxicity to mussels • Mussel tissue 15
RFI Key Findings - River Evaluation of Potential Impacts to Human Health/Environment ▪ Fish and Wildlife Resources Impact Analysis • Fish tissue • Food chain modeling River Otter Dose (mg/kg bw-day) TRV (mg/kg bw-day) Maximum Diet Substrate Maximum Fish Invertebrate Tissue Invertebrates Tissue Concentration Analyte Concentration Total Dose TRV NOAEL HQ NOAEL TRV LOAEL HQ LOAEL (mg/kg, dry Fish (mg/kg, dry Dose diet Dose substrate weight) 1 weight) 1 Silver 6.4 49.5 0.26 0.19 0.44 0.0 0.44 6.02 <1 119 <1 Belted Kingfisher Dose (mg/kg bw-day) TRV (mg/kg bw-day) Maximum Diet Substrate Maximum Fish Invertebrate Tissue Tissue Invertebrates Concentration Analyte Concentration Total Dose TRV NOAEL HQ NOAEL TRV LOAEL HQ LOAEL (mg/kg, dry Fish (mg/kg, dry Dose diet Dose substrate weight) 1 weight) 1 Silver 6.4 49.5 1.56 0.81 2.37 0.0 2.37 2.02 1.2 61.1 <1 16
RFI Key Findings - River Evaluation of Potential Impacts to Human Health/Environment ▪ Fish and Wildlife Resources Impact Analysis • Benthic community assessment 17
RFI Key Findings Wetlands/Floodplain Evaluation ▪ Exceedances of Class C SGV for silver at many locations in upper 1 foot ▪ Maximum concentration at FP-07 ▪ Highest concentrations at depth ▪ FWRIA – Plant community robust; limited exceedances of silver Eco-SSLs 18
RCRA Facility Assessment Conclusions ▪ Significant human health exposures to silver are unlikely ▪ Highest silver in sediment observed at and downstream of the KLWWTP (T-07 and T-06) ▪ Potential for localized impacts in mussels and forage fish downstream of KLWWTP ▪ Elevated silver in Wetland C sediments ▪ Peak silver buried in river and wetland sediments ▪ Corrective Measures Study (CMS) warranted 19
CMS - Summary of Supplemental Sampling ▪ Additional sediment sampling conducted at 57 river and 91 wetland locations ▪ Waste characterization and porewater sampling conducted in highest concentration areas ▪ Geotechnical analysis of sediment/soil samples ▪ Refinement of hydrodynamic and sediment transport model ▪ Monitoring of water levels to obtain long- term water elevation data at multiple locations along river ▪ Ice impact study 20
Considerations For Development of Alternatives ▪ Remedial Action Objectives (RAOs) • Reduce and stabilize areas with the potential for exposure ▪ Silver – Primary contaminant of concern • Other contaminants not attributable to Kodak discharge and documented in relatively low frequency and low concentrations (similar to background) ▪ Clean-up Objectives • Several criteria evaluated for applicability • Action Levels vs Guidance Values ▪ Scour Potential • Remedial boundaries applied in areas where Silver concentration levels exceeded action levels (at all depths) in primary scour potential zones (>10 cm (~4 in) scour) ▪ Alternatives developed separately for river and wetland sediments 21
Remedial Action Objectives ▪ Prevent ingestion and/or direct contact with contaminated soil and sediments ▪ Prevent migration of contaminants that would result in groundwater or surface water contamination ▪ Prevent impacts to biota form ingestion/direct contact with soil or sediment causing toxicity ▪ Prevent released from contaminant(s) in sediment that would result in surface water levels in excess of ambient water quality standards 22
Ecological Media Cleanup Standards ▪ NYSDEC Freshwater Sediment Guidance Values and Soil Cleanup Objectives ▪ Site-Specific Action Levels Evaluated: • 30 ppm – Wetland Sediment • 100 ppm – River Sediments ▪ Selected Site-Specific Action Level: • 70 ppm – Site-Specific Toxicity-Based 23
Corrective Measures Study Alternatives – River ▪ R1 – No Action ▪ R2 – Monitored Natural Recovery (MNR) • Ongoing and naturally occurring processes with periodic monitoring ▪ R3 – Dredging and capping riverbed areas exceeding 100 ppm action level ▪ R4 – Dredging and capping riverbed areas exceeding 70 ppm action level ▪ R5 – Dredging and capping riverbed all primary scour areas ▪ R6 – Riverwide Alternatives 24
Remedial Areas
Proposed Recommended Alternative – River (R4B) ▪ Remedial boundaries near River Area 1 River Area 2 KLWWTP and adjacent to Wetland D • ~4 acre removal area • Dredging of top 2 feet • 20,400 CY removal ▪ Installation of isolation cap • Stabilizes areas exceeding 70 ppm within primary scour areas ▪ Long-term monitoring 26
Conceptual Cap Design Isolation Cap (River Areas 1 and 2) Habitat Layer Fine gravel Erosion Protection Layer Sand Chemical Isolation Layer Underlying Sediment ▪ Includes habitat, erosion protection, and chemical isolation layers ▪ Additional evaluations will be completed during the design to determine thickness and composition of each layer • Anticipated total thickness: 2.5 ft 27
Corrective Measures Study Alternatives – Wetland ▪ W1- No Action ▪ W2- Monitored Natural Recovery • Ongoing and naturally occurring processes with periodic monitoring ▪ W3 – Excavation and backfill areas exceeding 70 ppm action level ▪ W4 – Excavation and backfill areas exceeding 30 ppm action level ▪ W5 – Excavation and backfill all Wetland areas 28
Proposed Recommended Alternative – Wetland (W3) ▪ Remedial boundaries in Wetland C Wetland C • 2-acre removal area • Excavation of top 2 ft • 8,200 CY removal • Excavation based on Site-Specific Toxicity-Based Goal (>70 ppm) ▪ Backfill and restoration to facilitate habitat enhancement ▪ Long-term monitoring 29
Summary of Preferred Remedy ▪ Dredging • ~ 20,000 CY River Based Removal • ~ 8,000 CY Wetland C Removal ▪ Capping in river areas ▪ Backfill in wetland areas ▪ Restoration • Placement of clean cover in the Wetland C • Shoreline areas restored where disturbed to support staging and access to remedial areas ▪ Site Management • Long-term monitoring • Institutional controls 30
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