2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009 LOCAL PLANNING AND ZONING – AN AIRPORT’S PROTECTOR?
Y our Presenters: § Cynthia Bowen, AICP , LEED AP Director of Planning & Urban Design RW Armstrong § Bradley Johnson, AICP Principal Planner/President Ground Rules, Inc.
Aviation is a critical link to the local, state and national transportation system. However, one of the major challenges aviation faces today is the encroachment of incompatible land use development near or around airports. Washington State Department of Transportation
TODAY’S PRESENTATION 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
What Will Y ou Learn From Today’ s Session § Why airports are important to your community § What are common issues planners have to address in regards to airports § How to incorporate airports compatibility into your comprehensive plan and zoning ordinance § What state and federal laws say about planning for airports
AIRPORT PLANNING OVERVIEW 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
Benefits to the Community § Economic development § Transportation infrastructure § Safety § Quality of life § Increase property values § Establish public expectations § Protect major public investment/avoid cost to relocate
Benefits to the Airport § Pilot and passenger safety § Preserve safety areas § Reduce development obstacles § Reduce complaints and remonstration § Tie all transportation elements together § Promote compatible and catalyst uses § Opportunity to educate § Protection for future expansion § Maximize resources for airport vitality
Common Planning Issues § Encroachment of incompatible land uses § Tax status issues § Tall structures near airports § Wildlife management § Surface water § Outdoor lighting
Metro Airport – Town of Fishers
Monticello § Airport Planning Zones
New Braunfels, TX § New infrastructure provides new opportunities for development
Planning Tools § These tools can offer significant protection of aviation interests: œ Comprehensive Plan œ Thoroughfare Plans œ Zoning Ordinances § They can address: œ Encroachment œ Migratory birds œ Tall structures œ Noise abatement œ Etc.
STATE & FEDERAL LA WS 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
Zoning and Its Relation to Airports œ National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO) � Surveys were sent to aviation officials in all 50 states plus Puerto Rico and Guam as part of a 2004 land use study. Of the 77 percent responding to the survey 100% reported residential use next to airports in their state, 82.5% reported tall structures located in the vicinity of airports and 95% of those officials indicated that incompatible development was a serious concern in their state. Not surprisingly the two primary concerns were residential development and tall structures.
Efforts By Other States œ California first enacted legislation to provide for airport land use commissions in 1967. Since that time California has lead the way in managing airport compatibility issues. œ Washington and Oregon have followed suit and enacted laws empowering, and in some cases requiring, local jurisdictions to enact airport compatibility zoning. œ Most states have enacted some kind of aviation compatibility “zoning,” however, many are limited to regulating the height of structures and not land uses.
Building Blocks of Airport Land Use Compatibility Zoning Studies and Statistics State Law FAA Advisory Other Law s and Circulars Regulations Illustration by Ground Rules, Inc.
Current Indiana State Laws § IC 8-22-2-9 Boards of Aviation § IC 8-22-3-14 Airport Authorities § IC 8-21-10 Tall Structures Act § All of the above focus primarily on height- restriction zoning, not land use § Basis in Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR) Part 77 for height restriction laws
FAA Advisory Circulars œ Term “Advisory” is misleading; some are mandatory for grant-in-aid airports œ AC 150/5200-33A Hazardous Wildlife Attractants On or Near Airports œ AC 150/52200-34 Construction of Land Fills Near Public Airports œ AC 150/5300-13 Airport Design
Studies and Statistics œ University of California at Berkeley Transportation Institute study on general aviation accidents in relation to runway � Statistical modeling of accident frequency and relative location per NTSB reports � Basis for delineating zones and regulating land use within them œ Bird-Aircraft Strike Hazard (BASH) œ Transportation Statistics (NTSB)
Other Laws and Regulations œ As noted earlier, some federal laws can act as a basis for the adoption of local laws (FAR Part 77) œ Other states have adopted laws that address aviation land-use compatibility. � Not binding in Indiana but can serve as supporting basis for local laws
PLANNING PROCESS 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
Airport Layout Plan & Master Plan § Location § Character § Protection and Safety AI RPORT Zones § Dimensions § Details of the airport § Work to be done
Airport Strategic Plan Process
CASE STUDY : PLAINFIELD, INDIANA 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
What do you look for when planning for an airport? § Presence of incompatible uses § Intensity of incompatible uses § Transportation facilities § Future uses regarding airside and landside development
Case Study: Plainfield, Indianan
Existing Land Use Map
Environmental Map
Airport Property Map
Noise Zone
Future Land Use Map
Transportation Map
ZONING FOR AIRPORTS 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
Importance of Ordinances to Airports § Boone County, Indiana œ Similar to many state ordinances œ Special exception granted in 60’s œ Airport desired to expand œ School and residential developed around airport in 90’s œ Land use conflicts
Zoning and Subdivision Control § Manages setbacks and height limitations § Regulates intensity and types of land uses § Regulates the subdivision of land § Protects again conflicting land uses
CASE STUDY : DEKALB COUNTY 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
AP-1: District for On-site Development
AP-2 : District for On-site Development
AP-3 : District for Contiguous Site Development
Adjacent District Matrix
DeKalb County Airport Compatibility Overlay œ Complements existing Airport Zoning Districts; addresses additional compatibility issues œ Addresses necessary restrictions that apply to properties within 5 statute miles from the airport œ Built as a series of adjoining zones with unique regulations to cover areas having different issues/concerns
Creating “Safety Compatibility” Zones (Based on CA Airport Land Use Planning Handbook)
Creating “Safety Compatibility” Zones (based on CA Airport Land Use Planning Handbook) Proposed Runway 4-22 Runway 9-27 Compatibility Zones
Creating “Safety Compatibility” Zones (based on CA Airport Land Use Planning Handbook)
Creating “Safety Compatibility” Zones (based on CA Airport Land Use Planning Handbook)
Creating Wildlife Mitigation Zones Based on AC 1200’ – Limits on small # of uses 5000’ – Serving Piston Aircraft 10000’ – Serving Turbine Aircraft 5 mi. – Review of proposed development
Combining Compatibility & Wildlife Mitigation Zones
As it Looks in the Ordinance
As it Looks in the Ordinance
As it Looks in the Ordinance
INVOL VING AIRPORTS 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
Opportunities for Involvement œ Dialogue with airport director and airport board œ Seat at the table for the update to your plan or ordinance œ Provide for airport review of pending developments in and around airport œ Support/promote aviation related laws œ Understand/know local and pertinent federal aviation laws
What can you do as a planner: œ Review existing ordinances and plans and update them if they don’t adequately address airport compatibility œ Know and understand airport planning language (airside, through the fence operations, ALP , etc.) œ Look at updating law and ordinances � Strengthen Indiana Tall Structures Act � Enact local airspace overlay zoning and land use compatibility zoning
FUTURE OF AIRPORTS 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
What does the future hold… œ Planning for airports is drying up locally due to Indiana tax issues œ Potential of VLJ’s to change commercial airline practices œ Current “operations” at airports is down œ Central Indiana has many GA airports and the Airport Authority may consider the closure of some airports
QUESTION & ANSWERS 2009 APA IN Fall Conference October 21, 2009
Contact Information § Cynthia Bowen, AICP Director of Planning & Urban Design RW Armstrong 300 South Meridian Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46225 317.780.7244 cbowen@rwa.com § Bradley Johnson, AICP Principal Planner/President Ground Rules, Inc. 1455 W. Oak Street, Suite C Zionsville, Indiana 46077 (317) 733-3535 bjohnson@groundrulesinc.com
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