Life Between Systems Martin Brynskov AU Smart Cities @brynskov pit.au.dk AARHUS GOTO 2013 AU UNIVERSITY smartcities.au.dk
MA Information Studies Semiotics Classical Greek “Digital Habitats” PHD CS (Girls & Mobiles/LEGO) PROF Interaction Technologies AU Smart Cities AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
AUSC AU Smart Cities DUL Digital Urban Living CAVI Visualization & Interaction PIT Participatory IT AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
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Jan Gehl AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
open data AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
smart cities AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
Smart Cities Emerged Late 1990s Digital Cities Komninos, 2002 Emerged early 1990s In order for ‘digital’ cities to become ‘smart’ cities they Graham S. (1997) Plug-in City therefore need to incorporate Digital cities can be consid- a new category of applica- ered as an attempt to build tions; that of the real new secure public spaces and community of people and regain some characteristic of producers characterised by a the cities as places for Digital City Sense able City high level of knowledge and communication, interactions, innovation use. MIT, 2004 Besselaar P. economic opportunities, and social and cultural activities. ���������������������� Transdisciplinary research To differentiate the ‘digital’ (DDS) was launched in Komninos N. (2002) group that studies the city from the ‘smart’ city, Amsterdam in 1993. interface between cities, every digital city is not All intelligent cities are digital The name was chosen to people and technologies and intelligent, but every cities, but all digital cities are emphasize the idea of a investigates how the ubiquity intelligent or ‘smart’ city has a not intelligent. The difference digital public space Wired City of digital devices and the digital component is in the problem solving Layered City where people would telecommunications networks capability of intelligent cities, meet and communicate. Ron Herron, 1964 Thompson S. (1994) that augment our cities are while the ability of digital cities A Smart Community impacting urban living. is in the provision of services Walking City imagines a future in The city is “both a social and Smart Communities, 2001 via digital communication. which borders and boundaries are spatial ‘coming together’ of It is a community that has abandoned in favour of a nomadic Couclelis H. (2004) difference and diversity, chaos made a conscious effort to lifestyle among groups of people and order, fascination and Comprehensive web ‐ based Urban Gaming use information technology to worldwide. European Digital Cities intrigue - a sensual delight, at representation, or reproduc- transform life and work within ��������������������������� programme launched in the same ´time challenging tion, of several aspects or ����������������������������� was founded in 2006. 1996 Caire P. (2009) notions of tolerance and ���������������������������������� fundamental, rather than Walking City feelings of belonging. open to non ‐ experts. incremental, ways. Virtual City Late Late Late 1991 1993 2003 2005 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2013 2013 80s 90s 90s > 100 Digital Cities in Smart Grid 20 EU countries in 2003 Plug-in City Wollenberg B. (2005) Livable Cities Caire P. (2009) Ubiquitous Computing Ambient Cities Term ‘Smart Grid’ is 1980s The term was coined by Mark Emerged late 1990s born in September Weiser in his 1991 article “The 2005. ISTAG (1999) Urban computer for the 21st century” People will be surrounded by Computing intelligent and intuitive Urban Media Intelligent City CCTV interfaces embedded in everyday The term fi rst used in Façades Roberts P. (1980s) 2003 by Eric Paulos objects around us and an Smarter Planet Intelligent Cities (ICs) environment recognizing and Embedding of CCTV An umbrella term for 2008 Emerged late 1980s responding to the presence of technology into urban installations in which individuals in an invisible way. areas displays are integrated Peter Cook, 1964 Initially ICs have been de fi ned as into architectural virtual reconstructions of cities, Crang and Graham, 2007 The Plug-in City is set up by structures as virtual cities. (Droege, 1997) The ambient city can be seen as applying a large scale an urban environment which network-structure, containing The term ICs has been used contains di ff erent ubiquitous Ubiquitous Cities access ways and essential broadly as an equivalent of: computing technologies Virtual City Wired City services, to any terrain. Emerged in 2005 Myung ‐ Je (2009) TeleCity Ampli fi ed City Invisible City Cyberville The term ubiquitous city was fi rst Smart City Siembab (1997) Falk (1999) used by South Korea after Incorporates the capabilities of The use of ubiquitous adopting the ubiquitous information technologies in technology in public spaces Informational City computing concept from the US order to support a high amenity also enables the city to move Castlells M. (1992) and deciding to create the world’s life style that is economically and beyond mixed or augmented The city is an image of society, fi rst U ‐ City. environmentally sustainable reality environments towards with all its diversities, ongoing an ampli fi ed city , where processes, contradictions, Korean U ‐ City Association (2003) objects express additional struggles and asymmetries, Teletopia U ‐ Cities to help all residents, information about and 'The Informational City' is everywhere, not just private Eger (2005) themselves to other objects, therefore 'the global society' customers, or residents using Telecommunications Utopia is a term fi rst residents and users. of the information age. personal computers at home, coined by the Japanese Ministry of Posts with the aim of enriching life, and Telecommunications to describe reducing congestion and what 21st Century Japan would look like enhancing environmental when its new broadband communica- AARHUS sustainability tions infrastructure was in place. AU UNIVERSITY
New York, 1939
New York, 1939
New York, 1939
New York, 1964
Habitat 67, Montréal
Sondgo, Sydkorea, 2011 New York, 1939
“A good science fiction story should be able to predict not the automobile but the tra ffi c jam .” – Frederik Pohl AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
Mon Oncle (Tati), 1958
Digital Post NemID Rejsekortet IC4 ... AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
“New” is easy. “Right” is hard. – Craig Federighi AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
They’re here... Chris Speed (2011)
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The smart city AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
The ? city AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
The good city AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
Smart cities are first and foremost a cultural and organizational transition. AARHUS AU UNIVERSITY
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