- air purification and decontamination systems based on -technology 2018 1
CLEAR AIR IS LIFE Clean air is a basic requirement of life. The quality of air inside homes, offices, schools, day care centres, public buildings, health care facilities or other private and public buildings where people spend a large part of their life is an essential determinant of healthy life and people’s well-being. Hazardous substances emitted from buildings, construction materials and indoor equipment or due to human activities indoors, such as combustion of fuels for cooking or heating, lead to a broad range of health problems and may even be fatal. Problems of INDOOR AIR quality are recognized as important risk factors for human health in all countries. INDOOR AIR is also important because people spend a substantial proportion of their time in buildings. In residences, day-care centres, retirement homes and other special environments, indoor air pollution affects population groups that are particularly vulnerable owing to their health status or age. 2
THE MAIN AIR POLLUTANTS Benzene Benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen in humans and no safe level of exposure can be recommended. This will require reducing or eliminating human activities that release benzene, such as smoking tobacco, using solvents for hobbies or cleaning, or using building materials that off-gas benzene. Formaldehyde Indoor exposures to formaldehyde are the dominant contributor to personal exposures through inhalation and indoor concentrations may be high enough to cause adverse health effects. Naphthalene The principal health concerns of exposure to naphthalene are respiratory tract lesions, including tumours in the upper respiratory tract demonstrated in animal studies and haemolytic anaemia in humans Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potent carcinogens and, in air, are typically attached to particles. The primary exposure to carcinogenic PAHs found in air occurs via inhalation of particles. The health evaluation data suggest that lung cancer is the most serious health risk from exposure to PAHs in indoor air. 3
TODAY’S MOST COMMON WAYS OF AIR FILTRATION SYSTEM CHARCOAL FILTER Charcoal filters fundamentally aren’t able to purify the air of volatile compounds with a molecular weight less than 40 amu (unified atomic mass unit). This means that such dangerous substances as formaldehyde (H2CO), methane (CH4), sulfur dioxide (H2S) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) can’t be blocked by charcoal filters. As a result of the accumulation of toxins and dust a filter itself can become a source of contamination. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR Their efficiency depends on the voltage of ionization and the geometry of precipitating electrodes. With the voltage above 7 kW electrostatic precipitators start to generate an ozone-toxic compound with very low values of MPC (0.02 mg/m3). Ozone on its own is hard to catch, that’s why the electrostatic filters have low ionization voltage and, therefore, aren’t effective at capturing aerosol particles. HEPA-CLASS FILTERS HEPA-class filters only capture particles larger than 300 nm, which doesn’t solve the issue of removing the most dangerous nanoparticles. Meanwhile all separated microflora is being concentrated on the filters. OZONATOR Ozonators’ abilities to oxidize the pollutants like pollen, dust, carbon oxide, formaldehyde are frankly speaking exaggerated. Ozone’s ability to oxidation in concentrations levels of 0.2-0.4 mg/m3 can't be effective because the inhibitory action on microflora can only be possible at considerably higher (10-20 times) concentrations which are extremely dangerous for people. 4
THE RANGE OF CONTAMINANTS Air contaminants which are difficult to remove 5
TRADITIONAL METHODS OF PURIFICATION All air pollutants can be divided by particle size. According to the European Environmental Agency (EEA) the nanoscale particles are the most dangerous to people. These include the molecular organic compounds that can get directly into the bloodstream (4-20 nm), the protein macromolecules of the major causative agents of acute allergies (20-40 nm), solid and liquid aerosol nanoparticles that aren’t removable by lungs (20-100 nm), viruses (20-300 nm), bacteria (from 100 nm). TRADITIONAL METHODS OF PURIFICATION Pre-filters - air pollution by volatile organic compounds. Electrostatic filters - effective filtering modes emit large amounts of ozone. Carbon Filters - not purified air from volatile compounds having a molecular weight of less than 40 AMU. Require frequent replacement. HEPA filters - microflora accumulate, do not capture the particles of less than 300 nm. High cost. "Plasma filters" - emit ozone. The low percentage of cleaning. 6
DISADVANTAGES OF TRADITIONAL WAYS OF PURIFICATION 7
MODERN REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR PURIFIER High-tech AIR PURIFIERS must provide: 1. Air purification from the aerosol particles less than 300 nm in size 2. Air purification from volatile organic compounds with atomic mass less than 40 amu 3. Removal of pathogenic organisms with its complete inactivation 4. Removal of ozone, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide 5. Low operating costs 6. High stability of performance characteristics during low-term work 8
THE REACTION OF PHOTOCATALYSIS IN DETAIL TiO2 is a semiconductor. In such compounds the electrons can be in two states: free and bound. Normality of the electron is bound, i.e. it is associated with the ion of crystal lattice substance forming a strong chemical bond. It is necessary to apply more than 3.2 electron volts (eV) energy to "pull out" the electron from the lattice. To our joy, that is the amount of energy a light quantum carries with a wavelength less than 390 nM. So, the quantum of light "knocks" an electron from the lattice forming an electronic vacancy or simply "the hole." The electron and the hole are moving actively inside the TiO2 particles. As a result of the movement they are either recombined (meet each other, "marry each other" and returned in a bound state) or erupt on the surface and immediately are captured by it. Both the hole and the electron are incredibly reactive. All-over surface catalyst is a powerful field of oxidation. The oxygen contacting the catalyst surface receiving a free electron as a gift, gives rise to oxidative radical O-, which is able to destroy (oxidize) any organic compound. Hole in turn reacts with the first organic compound encountered on the surface. Hole pulls out from the connection structure missing her electron, thereby resolving the compound into water and carbon dioxide. Every time replaced “used-up” pairs electoron-"hole" rises on the catalyst surface like bubbles in a champagne glass, new pair free. The oxidation process will go on until the light is incident on the catalyst. 10
TIOKRAFT -TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS Catalyst. TiO2 with crystalline modification of anatase and containing minimum impurities has the highest photocatalytic activity. In our devices we use such catalyst in the form of ultrafine powder of own production. A particle size is about 40 nm. Just in this state the catalyst is highly active and has a maximum surface for the reaction. The carrier (the structural component which surface is covered with TiO2). The carrier material requirements are quite rigorous: it can't be made of organic materials as any organic matter decomposes under the ultraviolet radiation, it needs to transmit ultraviolet which USAGE OF A POROUS QUARTZ GLASS AS A CARRIER means that should be transparent and lastly it OF THE PHOTOCATALYST (PATENT № RU 2151632 must be small size but has a huge surface to contact the catalyst and air. C1) 11
PHOTOCATALYTIC FILTERS BASED ON POROUS GLASS Efficient use of photocatalisys in air clearing systems “TiVeil” is defined by the use of highly active catalyst and its unique carriers. The carrier can be formed from organic materials or metals. For better contact with air it must have a porous structure. TiVeil offers to use a porous glass as the photocatalyst carrier. This carrier is inert to the action of the photocatalyst, air can readily leak in through it. The carrier provides good adhesion of the catalyst and has sufficient structural strength 12
ADVANTAGES OF APS BASED ON TIOKRAFT-TECHNOLOGY Purify the air from all aerosol particles, bacteria, viruses and mold spores of size ➢ from 30nm with the efficiency close to 100% in a single session Oxidization of any organic compounds ➢ Completely inactivate all types of pathogenic microflora without accumulating on ➢ filters Removal of nanoscale aerosol without HEPA-filter using ➢ Preclude ozone, carbon monoxide, ammonia, nitrogen oxide ➢ Effectively molecular purification without absorbents using ➢ Usage of high-capacity soft UV-irradiation ➢ Capability of combined usage of photocatalysis, corona discharge and coal ➢ adsorption advantages Main filter blocks self-cleaning ➢ Air purification and disinfection without hazardous UV in presence of people ➢ 13
CONVECTION K-SERIES Designed for disinfection and molecular air purification in small premises. Noiseless. Recommended to be used in areas with constant presence of people, including highly allergic individuals. TiVeil K10 TiVeil K20 14
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