Lesson 9 Latina Christiana MG 4 & UG 5/6 Second Declension -UM Nouns
Welcome • Ms. Stephanie: Salvete, amici Latinae • Students: Salve, magistra • Ms. Stephanie: Súrgite. Oremus
Table Blessing Prayer Benedict, Domine, Bless Oh Lord nos et haec us and these Tua dona Your gifts quae de Tua largitate which from Your bounty sumus sumpturi we are about to receive per Christum Dominum nostrum through Christ our Lord Amen. Amen.
Recitation (I will give cues – you continue and finish) • 1 st Declension: table • 1 st Conjugation – Present tense • mensa …. endings • Case names • - o ….. • Never Give Dad Any Apples • 1 st Declension – endings • Case functions • Subject or predicate noun… • - a, - ae ….. • Present Tense of Sum • 2 nd Declension: servus • sum….. • Servus …
Present Tense of SUM Verb: a verb is a word that shows action or state of being Person Singular Plural 1 st su m I am su mus we are 2 nd e s you are es tis you all are 3 rd es t he/she/it is su nt they are Personal Endings Person Singular Plural 1 st ( person speaking ) -o or -m I -mus we 2 nd ( person spoken to ) -s you -tis you all 3 rd ( person spoken about ) -t he/she/it -nt they
The Jobs of the Declension Cases Case Names Job or Function Nominative Subject or Predicate Noun Genitive Possessive or the “of” case Dative Indirect Object or the “to” or “for” case Accusative Direct Object Ablative Used with many prepositions or the in/by/with/from case Subject : the subject is who or what the sentence is about Direction Object : the direct object is the result of the verb or the direct object receives the action from the verb Indirect Object : usually the indirect object answers the questions “to whom?, to what?”, or “for whom, for what?” or the indirect object is the recipient of the direct object
Comparing 1 st & 2 nd Declension Endings 1 st Declension Endings 2 nd Declension Endings “ - us” Case Singular Plural Case Singular Plural Nominative -a -ae Nominative -us -i Genitive -ae -arum Genitive -i -orum Dative -ae -is Dative -o -is Accusative -am -as Accusative -um -os Ablative - ā -is Ablative -o -is
2 nd Declension Review: Servus Case Singular Plural Nominative sev us -us serv i -i Genitive serv i -i serv orum -orum Dative serv o -o serv is -is Accusative serv um -um serv os -os Ablative serv o -o serv is -is
Lesson 8 Review: Latin Saying and Vocabulary • Latin Saying: Senatus Populusque Romanus (S.P.Q.R.) The Senate and People of Rome Latin English Latin English ánimus -i mind, spirit ludus -i game, school áquila -ae eagle mora -ae delay corona -ae crown murus -i wall fabulá -ae story pecúnia -ae money gládius gládii sword pópulus -i people
Lesson 9: Latin Saying and Vocabulary • Latin Saying: Ante bellum Before the war Latin English Latin English bellum -i war proélium -i battle donum -i gift regnum -i kingdom frumentum -i grain signum -i sign, standard impérium -i command, empire telum -i weapon óppidum -i town verbum -i word
Lesson 9 Vocabulary • Note that all the vocabulary words this lesson are all nouns • They are all similar in that they all end in -um They are all in 2 nd Declension; there are two groups in 2 nd Declension - words that end in -us and words that end • in -um • They are considered to be in the same declension BECAUSE the genitive singular ending is the same letter, -i In Latin, the declension a noun belongs is determined by the genitive singular ending. So, in 2 nd declension, it • would be -i ; in 1 st declension it would be the -ae genitive singular ending that places that noun in this category • We can understand better now why in the previous few lessons, the vocabulary words would give a nominative ending as well as the genitive ending; we needed to see the genitive ending to determine which declension it was
2 nd Declension Neuter noun stem: don- Case Singular Plural Nominative don um -um don a -a Genitive don i -i don orum -orum Dative don o -o don is -is Accusative don um -um don a -a Ablative don o -o don is -is In Latin declensions, there are 3 genders: feminine, masculine and neuter. We have learned 1 st Declension feminine so far, and today we are learning 2 nd Declension neuter. Last week, you learned 2 nd Declension masculine. The gender of nouns will be explained next lesson.
Comparing 2 nd Declension Masculine (servus) and Neuter (donum) What are the differences? The nominative singular and the nominative and accusative plural are different. What are the similarities? The genitive, dative, ablative and accusative singular are the same. Case Singular Plural Case Singular Plural Nominative sev us -us serv i -i Nominative don um -um don a -a Genitive serv i -i serv orum -orum Genitive don i -i don orum -orum Dative serv o -o serv is -is Dative don o -o don is -is Accusative serv um -um serv os -os Accusative don um -um don a -a Ablative serv o -o serv is -is Ablative don o -o don is -is The neuter nominative and accusative singular always end with the same ending. The neuter nominative and acsuative plural always end in -a .
Nominative Plural Neuter vs. 1 st Declension Nominative/Ablative Singular • 1 st declension has -a as a singular case ending, where as the 2 nd declension neuter as -a as a plural ending. This can be confusing • Practice making plural neuter nouns: wars, words, battles, weapons, signs, kingoms (answer: bella, verba, proelia, teal, signa, regna) • We need to develop a habit of recognizing plural -a on neuter nouns
Lets Practice! ☺ • Decline these nouns: bellum, signum • Conjugate these verbs: laboro, libero • Conjugate sum Note: Latin has no words for the artless the and a/an . You will need to learn to supply the article in your translations based on context.
Homework • If you have the DVD or the online streaming, watch Lesson 9. • Read page 28 in your student workbook as a review • Complete page 29 in your student workbook • Vocabulary Drill sheet for Lesson 9 vocabulary • Lesson 9 Quiz
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