Leitrim Greenhouse Gases Baseline Report Dr Aedín McLoughlin, Jules Portier, Nicoló G. Tria Good Energies Alliance Ireland 1
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Emissions per capita: 13.6 tons CO2 eq per year, same as national Total Emissions 434,000 tons CO 2 eq eq per Emissions per capita after sinks: 7.7 tons CO2 eq per year, 32% less than national year 2
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Relative contribution of each GHG emitting sector in Leitrim Energy gy Commerci cial al industri ustries es and Public c 6% 6% services ces 2% 2% Industr stry 7% 7% Agricultu culture re 43% 43% Residenti ntial al 20% 20% Transpor sport 22% 22% 3
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Transport Money Transport sport Forestland equivalent emissions sions equivalent at Ireland 2020 tons CO 2 eq/year carbon price € 2.53 97,815 815 15,500 3.1 per person hectares million 4
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Transport Main findings: • Private transport and Goods vehicles are main emitters Goods vehicles + Tractors 41% • One car per 2.3 person Private transport 55% • Cars are bigger and bigger • Public transport is very limited Public transport 4% 5
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Residential Money Re Resid iden enti tial al Forestland equivalent emissions sions equivalent at Ireland 2020 tons CO 2 eq/year carbon price € 2.23 86,406 406 13,658 6.9 per household hectares million 6
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Residential Energy consumption: +18% Emissions per house 350 300 250 Energy consumption [kWh/m²/year] 200 150 100 50 0 7
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Residential Main space heating fuel 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% LEITRIM 15% 4% 69% 12% IRELAND 15% 41% 38% 6% Electricity Gas Oil Solid fuel & Other 8
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Residential Main findings: • Around + 25% emissions • + 18% higher consumption • More emitter fuels • Important emission gap between old and new houses 9
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Commercial & & Public s services Co Comm m & Money Forestland Publi Pu lic equivalent equivalent emissions sions at Ireland 2020 carbon price tons CO 2 eq/year 8,406 1,329 € 217,407 4.8 per hectares establishment 10
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Commercial & & Public s services Main employers: Accommodati on and Food Public - Public sector (42%) Services Administration 24% , Education, Health and - Wholesale, Retail, and Vehicle Care 40% Repair (28%) Wholesale, Retail, and Vehicle Repair - Accommodation an Food 20% Other Services Services (22%) Sectors 16% 11
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Industry Money Indust stry ry Forestland equivalent emissions sions equivalent at Ireland 2020 tons CO 2 eq carbon price 29,399 99 4,647 € 760,350 37.3 per firm hectares 12
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Industry Main findings: Transportation and Emissions Storage 3% • 7% of total county emissions Construction 5% • Manufacturing sector is the most important Manufacturing 92% 13
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Energy i industries Money Energy gy Forestland equivalent industr stries es equivalent at Ireland 2020 emissions sions budget carbon tons CO 2 eq/year price 24,243 43 € 0.63 3,800 0.8 per person hectares million • Seven wind farms in Leitrim produce 84 GWh per year • 64% of electricity consumption • Rest comes from national grid, emitting 24,000 tons CO 2 eq 14
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Agriculture Money Agricult cultur ur equivalen Forestland e e t equivalent emis issions sions at Ireland 2020 tons CO 2 eq/year carbon price 188, 8,51 518 29,800 € 4.88 51.3 per farm hectares million Less than 1% of national agriculture emissions; Virtually the lowest level in the country; The sector’s carbon intensity is 1.8 tons CO 2 equivalent per thousand euro of farm produce. 15
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Agriculture Carbon Urea Emissions by category Liming Emissions by gas Dioxide application 1% 1% 0.41% Manure Management 8% Nitrous Oxide 29% Managed Soils 27% Enteric fermentation Methane 64% 70% 16
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Agriculture Lowest st farmin ming intensi nsity ty in Farming Intensity Coefficients [Livestock Unit per hectare of agri land] the country try (0.61 LSU/ha); Dublin Average farm size is 25 Leitrim Donegal hectares; Sligo Mayo 68% of farmers specialised Clare Roscommon for the beef market; Galway Kerry Grassland virtually only Kildare Wicklow agricultural land type; Louth State Virtually no crops; Longford Wexford Age profile of farmers is old Meath Carlow Many farms ms qualify ify as High Monaghan Westmeath Nature re Value; Limerick Laois Farmers’ income Cork Offaly dependency on State Kilkenny subsidies fell from 92% to Tipperary Waterford 59% in 2010-2017. Cavan 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 FARMING INTENSITY COEFFICIENT 17
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Forestland [ Carb rbon n Human man Money ney sequestration questration equiv uivalen alent equiv uivalen alent by forestland (how many at Ireland 2020 tons CO 2 eq/year persons are offset) carbon price 13,948 € 4.99 -190,174 90,174 million -6.32 per hectare 44% of Leitrim pop. Forestland, covering c. 19% of Leitrim land, compensates for c. 44% of Leitrim GHG emissions; Virtually the highest carbon sequestration rate in the country, due to high yield class of plantations (Sitka Spruces do most of the job); On the other hand, commercial plantations are not that good at storing carbon into the soil (among other things). Trade-off ff betwee ween quick-re return turn climate te mitigati igation vs. other r ecosyst ystem m service ices. s. 18
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Peatland ( (bogs) Wetlands cover more than 21% of Leitrim land. Most of them are blanket bogs (35,513 ha); raised bogs 14% Only a fraction of the blanket bogs in the uplands are found to be in good health status (undisturbed/pristine); Whether they are active carbon sinks, it is difficult to ascertain. A bog in good health can sequester up to 2,600 tCO 2 per hectare per year (not much); blanket bogs 86% Bogs (wetlands) are not particularly good at sequestering carbon from the atmosphere but are fantastic at storing carbon for millenn3ia and providing a wide spectrum of ecosystem services. 19
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Grassland In Leitrim, grassland characteristics lean more Settlement and Land uses distribution other land towards a close-to-nature environment, so it is likely Cropland 3% 0.04% that their GHG emissions are sensibly lower than the national level. Hedgerows, s scrub a and woodland Forestland 19% Leitrim has 11,000 hectares of non-forest woody area, scattered around; Wetland Grassland c. 7% of total Leitrim land; 58% 20% HSW provide a wide spectrum of ecosystem services, notably biodiversity shelter and protection; Total HSW area can also sequester up to 36,300 tCO 2 per year. 20
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Transport • 98,000 tons CO 2 equivalent • 22% of total emissions in Leitrim • More than household emissions (20%) Observations • Reliance on cars • Move to electric cars • More public transport or shared transport 21
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Ele lectricit ity production • Seven wind farms in Leitrim produce 84 GWh per year • 64% of electricity consumption • Rest comes from national grid, emitting 24,000 tons CO 2 eq Opportunities or Threats? More wind farms Renewal of old wind turbines Community ownership Solar farms 22
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Residential • Energy consumption per house in Leitrim is 18% higher than the national average • Carbon emissions are 25% higher Observations Older housing stock, low rate of building in recent years No mains gas network, space heating by solid fuels or oil Retrofitting expensive 23
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Commercial, Publi lic sector and In Industry ry • 22.5% of total energy emissions in Leitrim • Road Transport and oil are the biggest emitters Opportunities for reduction Energy efficiency Moving from fossil fuels Move to electric goods vehicles 24
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Agriculture • Farming in Leitrim is low intensity, close to nature • 43% of total energy emissions in Leitrim, 188,500 tons CO 2 eq • Less than 1% of national total Opportunities for reduction • Diversification? • High Nature Value farming? • Agroforestry? 25
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Forestry ry • 30,061 hectares of forest cover in Leitrim, 19% of land area. • National average is 11% • Conifer forests occupy 12.6% of the land, almost entirely Sitka Spruce • 190,000 tons CO 2 eq sequestered each year Observations • Forestry (broadleaf or conifer) is an excellent way to sequester carbon • There is opposition to increasing areas of conifer forests in Leitrim • Include forestry as part of farming diversity? 26
Leitrim Climate Dialogue Wetlands • 33,000 hectares of bogs in Leitrim, 20.5% of Leitrim area • Active/high quality bogs can sequester up to 2.6 tons CO 2 per hectare per year • Most Leitrim bogs are low quality, 25% are active Observations • Unique habitats • Bogs have potential for carbon sequestration and biodiversity • We need new incentives to regenerate our bogs 27
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