Large Biological Molecules Multiple Choice Review www.njctl.org - PDF document

Slide 1 / 43 New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. Click to go to website: www.njctl.org Slide 2 / 43 Large Biological Molecules Multiple Choice Review www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 43 1 Why is information about carbon critical to understanding the “molecules of life”? it is the backbone of biological A molecules required for life it is the only element that can form B triple bonds it results in the theory of vitalism (organic C molecules are produced only in living organisms) it is able to cause dehydration D synthesis

Slide 4 / 43 2 Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing _________ carbon and hydrogen A carbon and helium B carbon and nitrogen C D hydrogen and nitrogen Slide 5 / 43 3 What is the characteristic of carbon atoms that most contributes to its importance to critical biological molecules? the ability to bond with eight (8) other atoms A the ability to form hydrogen, carbon and B covalent bonds the ability to choose the type of molecule C to produce the ability to form 4 (four) bonds D producing a 3D structure Slide 6 / 43 4 Why are fossil fuels, such as gasoline, considered organic compounds? they contain both hydrogen and carbon A they contain hydrogen B they contain carbon C they are only produced from living organisms D

Slide 7 / 43 5 There are two forms of hydrocarbons. Which is most able to accept new atoms and why? saturated hydrocarbons; they have double or A triple bonds that can be broken saturated hydrocarbon; they have single bonds B only which are easier to break unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have double or C triple bonds that can be broken unsaturated hydrocarbons; they have single D bonds only which are easier to break Slide 8 / 43 6 There are many different types of proteins created by bonding amino acids together. How is this possible when there is a small set of amino acids? each protein is composed of 1-2 A unique monomers each protein has exactly the same B monomers each protein is an arrangement of monomers in C a unique manner each protein acts differently D depending upon the organism Slide 9 / 43 7 Monomers are bonded together by which of the following processes? hydrolysis A non-hydration lysis B ionic bonding C dehydration synthesis D

Slide 10 / 43 8 Which of the following lists correctly identifies the characteristic structures within an amino acid? ammonia - carbon group - side chain A NH3 - COOH - side chain B NO2 - COH - side chain C D N2OH- COOH - side chain Slide 11 / 43 9 When proteins are formed the _____ and of one amino acid combines with the _______ end of a second amino acid for form a ___________ acid; amine; monopeptide A amine; amine; polypeptide B amine; acid; monopeptide C acid; amine; polypeptide D Slide 12 / 43 10 There are 20 standard amino acids. How do they differ from each other? the amine groups can vary A the carboxyl groups can vary B the carbons can vary C the side chains can vary D

Slide 13 / 43 11 Which of the following statements best describes the impact of the structure of proteins? shape is driven by chemistry; shape dictates A function shape is driven by chemistry; polarity dictates B function shape is driven by environment; C environment dictates function shape is driven by chemistry; D environment dictates function Slide 14 / 43 12 For which level of structure in proteins do the side chains play the biggest role? secondary A B tertiary primary C quaternary D Slide 15 / 43 13 How does a protein change during denaturation and why is this important? the protein loses amino acids; the polarity A may be changed the protein loses its shape; the protein B cannot function the protein loses HOH; dehydration C synthesis cannot occur the protein gains amino acids; the protein changes D into a different protein

Slide 16 / 43 14 Proteins play many critical roles in organisms. Which of the following pairs correctly connects the function of a protein to its class? cytoskeleton is structural; antibodies are A defense speed regulation is enzymes; muscles B are hormonal hair is storage; hemoglobin is C transport hormones are signaling; membrane D proteins are enzymes Slide 17 / 43 15 Carbohydrates consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Which of the following represents the general formula for carbohydrates? C x H 2x O x A CO 2x H B C x H x O x C D C 2x H x O 2x Slide 18 / 43 16 The monomer of polysaccharides is a _____________. Table sugar is an example of a __________________. monocarbohydrate; dicarbohydrate A B disaccharide; disaccharide monosaccharide; disaccharide C monosaccharide; monosaccharide D

Slide 19 / 43 17 When comparing proteins and carbohydrates, the following similarities can be identified: both consist of linked monomers via the A process of hydrolysis both consist of linked monomers via the B process of dehydration synthesis both consist of linked amino acids via the C process of hydrolysis both consist of linked sugars via the process D of dehydration synthesis. Slide 20 / 43 18 Three types of polysaccharides are particularly important to living organisms. They each perform functions vital to cells. Which of the following correctly identifies two of these types of polysaccharides and their primary functions? starch, storage; glucose, energy A starch, cell walls; glucose, storage B glucose, cell walls; cellulose, energy C cellulose, storage by animals; glucose, D storage by plants Slide 21 / 43 19 One type of carbohydrate can be seen in the image below. How does its structure reflect its function? This image is of glucose A as its long chain molecules reflect its use for storage This image is of starch B as its long chains allows for long term storage This image is of glycogen as C the cross chains reflect its use by muscles. This image is of cellulose as its D structure reflects its strength

Slide 22 / 43 20 Nucleic acids, such as RNA, consist of monomers of __________________. Each of these monomers consists of __________, ____________, and _______. amino acids; side chain, carboxyl group, glucose A nucleotides; side chain, sugar, nitrate group B nucleotides; sugar, nitrogenous base, C phosphate group amino acids; sugar, nitrogenous base, D phosphate group Slide 23 / 43 21 There are five types of nitrogenous bases, four of which are found within DNA molecules. These are: adenine, thymine, guanine, uracil A adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine B adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine C adenine, uracil, phosphate, ribose D Slide 24 / 43 22 Pair bonding occurs in DNA between purine molecules and pyrimidine molecules. Why must this type of pairing take place? The genetic sequence is found on the A pyrimidine bases, so there must be a pyrimidine in each step of the DNA ladder The number of hydrogen bonds between the B bases must “match” in order for the helix to be double stranded. The phosphate bonds required to hold each single strand together must match up in order C to produce the double helix. The double strand is held together by peptide D bonds, which allows for the genetic code.

Slide 25 / 43 23 Which of the following best describes the form and function of one type of nucleic acid? RNA, a double helix, functions primarily as an A archive of genetic information. RNA, a single helix, functions primarily as an B archive of genetic information. DNA, a single helix, functions primarily as an C archive of genetic information. DNA, a double helix, functions primarily as an D archive of genetic information. Slide 26 / 43 24 The nucleotides of DNA form ___________________ bonds. _____________ bonds with guanine and _________________ bonds with ________________. oxygen; cytosine, adenine, uracil A hydrogen; guanine, adenine, cytosine B hydrogen; cytosine, adenine, thymine C helium; cytosine, adenine, thymine D Slide 27 / 43 25 Molecules may be hydrophobic, hydrophilic or amphiphilic. Lipids are either _______________ or ____________. hydrophilic, amphiphilic A B hydrophobic, amphiphilic hydrophobic, hydrophilic C hydrophilic, hydrophilic D