Krka-ibenik Electric Power System 1895 Present day Europe 1895 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Krka-Šibenik Electric Power System 1895

Present day

Europe – 1895

The Austro-Hungarian Monarchy

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy Croatia today

Franz Joseph I (1830-1916) Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary  Franz Joseph I (German)  I. Ferenc József (Hungarian)  Franjo Josip I (Croatian)  Francis Joseph I (English)  ruled from 1848-1916  his 68-year reign is the third-longest in the recorded history of Europe

Imperial Easter Tour of Dalmatia April 1875 Smiljan Zadar Šibenik Split Dubrovnik Adriatic Sea

Šibenik Vjekoslav Meichsner Ante Šupuk Šibenik City “Ingenieur” Mayor of Šibenik

Šibenik City Hall

1882 – New York  Edison builds a first DC network – Electric lights in New York 1883 – 1890 in Croatia  10 DC power plants built  9 thermal, 1 hydro  Rijeka (1885) – sixth theater in the world connected to a power grid (New York, London, Paris, Milan, Vienna, Rijeka)

War of Currents - 1880’s  Thomas Edison  Nikola Tesla  George Westinghouse  DC  AC

Tesla’s address to the AIEE  At an AIEE meeting on May 16, 1888, Nikola Tesla delivered a lecture entitled A New System of Alternating Current Motors and Transformers, describing the equipment which allowed efficient generation and use of alternating currents...

1891 – Frankfurt Exhibition  first long-distance AC transmission  175 km from Laufen to Frankfurt  Marko Šupuk attended the exhibition

Tesla’s address at Zagreb City Hall  In May 1892 Nikola Tesla delivers a lecture in Zagreb City Hall trying to convince the City of Zagreb to start building an AC power plant  at the same time the construction of the AC power system in Šibenik had already begun

Šibenik – the beginning  Šupuk and Meichsner contact Ganz  Ganz agrees to build an "experimental system" in Šibenik  the system would consist of – hydro power plant – transformers – transmission line – distribution network – meters and other equipment

Preparation  Ganz sends top experts to Šibenik (including Zipernowsky, Deri, Blathy, Zerial, Zorzenoni); however, the entire production remains under control of Meichsner and Šupuk  Ettore Zorzenoni remained in Šibenik as chief technical officer of the power plant after it was built  Karoly Zipernowsky – transformers  Miksa Deri – circuit-breakers  Otto Titusz Blathy – watt-meter

Šupuk family and associates

Construction begins  after months of detailed preparation the construction of Šibenik’s first power plant begins in 1884 at the location called Jaruga  building permit obtained  a concession for placing power poles on the county land is obtained  at approximately the same time G. Westinghouse begins building the Niagara Falls plant

Krka Power Plant Jaruga 1

Power plant  Girard turbines (vertical) – 320 HP  Ganz 2-phase generators (horizontal) (Zipernowsky alternators, type A2) 315 1/min, 320 HP, 3000 V, 42 Hz  manual water regulation  manual voltage regulation  simple protection: circuit breakers and over-voltage “horns”

Transmission lines  3000V, 11 km, 360 poles  35 and 50 mm 2 conductors  bottle shaped, oil-filled glass insulators  telephone line

Transformers  6× 3000/110 V (Zipernowsky)  5 transformers were located on roofs  1 in a stand-alone transforming station

Street lamps

Street lamps

Lamps – detail Ganz ( Jablockov type) – electric carbon arc lamps

28 August 1895  Electric power delivered to Šibenik  324 electric lamps illuminate Šibenik on the first night  Niagara Falls power plant opened two days before Jaruga, supplying the nearby aluminum factory; power delivery to Buffalo begun one year later

1904 – Jaruga 1 and Jaruga 2

1903 – Jaruga 2  Ganz  Francis turbine 3500 HP (later two)  2-phase generator 2625 kVA, 15000 V, 42 Hz (later 2×2625 = 5250 kVA)  new 12 km line, 4×50 mm 2 Cu (2× 2-phase) to a large factory in Crnica (Šibenik), 360 poles  transforming station 15000/6000/3000 V  paralel operation with Jaruga 1

1906 – HPP Manojlovac (Miljacka)  third HPP in Šibenik  first on a 3-phase system  4 horizontal Francis turbines (6000 HP)  4×5200 kVA, 30000 V, 42 Hz  35 km 30 kV line, 2×3×62 mm 2 Cu  Jaruga 1 and Jaruga 2 reconstructed for 3- phase systems, all plants interconnected into a single power system

Šupuk family legacy  Marko Šupuk died in 1903  Ante Šupuk died in 1904 (Mayor for 28 consecutive years)  Šupuk and Meichsner built a city water supply, brought railway to Šibenik, built a County Courthouse, a High school, pavilion type hospital (first and biggest in Austria-Hungary)

1914 – Jaruga 1 disassembled  Austrian army takes over all three power plants in Šibenik  they close down Jaruga 1, move all usable parts to Jaruga 2, and use 15 tons of copper for bullets  Jaruga 1 was never reconstructed  Jaruga 2 is still in operation

International associations  Šupuk&Son Electric Company was one of the six founders of EURELECTRIC (1925)  Šupuk&Son Electric Company was also involved with the foundation of Cigre (1921)

Time-scale