INTRODUCTION TO COATED TEXTILES Coated textile = a composite of a - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

COATED TEXTILES FOR TEXTILE ARCHITECTURES

INTRODUCTION TO COATED TEXTILES Coated textile = a composite of a textile fabric and a protective layer 1. Textile : woven or knitted  Polyester  Polyaramide  Polyamide  Glass  … 2. Coating:  PVC (Polyvinylchloride)  Polyurethane  Silicone  PTFE Protective layer:  To protect the fabric  Creation of impermeability  UV protection  Gloss, color & aspect  To render it weldable, joinable

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 1. GENERAL Coated textiles for: 1. Tents: non permanent structures 2. Textile architecture: permanent and semi-permanent structures 1. Tents: mostly small structures and relatively small spans Examples: • Industrial storage rooms • Chapiteaux • Circus tents • Party tents • Sunscreens 2. Textile architecture: architectural membranes for permanent & semi- permanent structures

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 2. Types of fabrics used in TENTS: In 99.9% of all cases PVC coated polyester is used Type of fabric depends on the size of the spans and the loads Examples:  Industrial tents, party tents: • Tenacity of 2500 – 3000 N/5cm for roofs ( Sioen B8000 – B9000) • Tenacity of 2000 – 2500 N/5cm for sides (Sioen B7000)  Big industrial tents, circus tents: • Tenacities of 4000 N/5cm (Sioen B6000)

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 2. Types of fabrics used in TENTS:

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 3. Types of fabrics used in TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE  Division is based on MECHANICAL properties: • The type depends on the span and on the tensioning (forces exerted on the membrane): o wind load o structural load o snow load …. o • There are 7 types: o Type 1: lowest mechanical load o Type 7: highest mechanical load • Different materials used: Glass fabric – PTFE: a) Glass – silicone: b) c) Polyester d) Polyester- PVC:

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 3. Types of fabrics used in TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE Glass – PTFE: ( glass fabric with a polytetrofluoroethylene coating) a) • characteristics: + “eternal” life ( > 30 years) + perfect anti-soiling + FR - very susceptible to cracks by folding, manipulation and uneven tension - yellowish but whitens under UV • application: roofs in stadia Glass – Silicone: b) • characteristics: + “eternal” life (> 20 years) - not weldable (glued) - soiling due to the sticky nature of the silicone - susceptible for cracks • application: cheaper version of a) c) Polyester- Silicone: under development by Sioen (type I and II) • application: foldable roofs, umbrella structures Polyester – PVC d)

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE Overview of different “TYPES” for PVC Coated Polyester 4. Type I Type II Type III Type IV Type V Type VI Type VII TYPES: 1100 dtex 1100 dtex 1670 dtex 1670 dtex 2200 dtex 3300 dtex 2200 dtex Fabric 9x9 12x12 10,5x10,5 14x14 14x14 14x14 25x25 (Polyester) L 1/1 P 2/2 P 2/2 P 3/3 P 3/3 P 4/4 Tensile 3000/2800 4400/4000 5500/5000 7500/6500 10000/8500 15000/1300 20000/1900 0 00 strength (N/5cm) 300/300 450/450 800/800 1000/1000 1500/1500 3000/3000 3000/3000 Tear strength (N) Adhesion 120 120 120 120 120 120 150 (N/5cm) M2/B1 M2/B1 M2/B1 B1 Fire resistance T1107, T2107, T3107, T4107, Sioen T1108 T2108 T3108 T4108 Qualities (B9115)

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 5. Applications & properties: • Applications:  TYPE I: tent roofs, chapiteaux, car ports  TYPE II: textile roofs with spans of 10-30m, tennis courts,  TYPE III: roofs for parking, umbrella's  TYPE IV: spans for market areas, soccer stadia  TYPE V: soccer stadia (high wind loads)

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 5. Applications & properties: • Applications:  TYPE I: tent roofs, chapiteaux, car ports

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 5. Applications & properties: • Applications:  TYPE II: textile roofs with spans of 10-30m, tennis courts

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 5. Applications & properties: • Applications:  TYPE II: textile roofs with spans of 10-30m, tennis courts

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 5. Applications & properties: • Applications:  TYPE III: roofs for parking, umbrella's

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 5. Applications & properties: • Applications:  TYPE IV: spans for market areas, soccer stadia  TYPE V – VI - VII: soccer stadia and other huge textile constructions (high wind loads)

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 5. Applications & properties: • Properties of PVC coated polyester fabrics: + long life (10-20 years) + cheap + colors possible + flexible and “foldable” + stretchable + weldable - soiling - ageing

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 6. Material criteria for PVC/PES textile architecture: • Long lifetime: • Excellent stabilization of PVC and polyester • Thermal • UV • Good color retention • High tenacity PET yarns for good mechanical values • Fire resistant => “local” fire building prescriptions • Excellent uniform optical transmission • Good weldable (HF and thermal) • Anti-soiling or self cleaning • Not susceptible for fungi and bacteria • Non wicking ( => see next slide)

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 7. Low wick fabrics:  Avoiding water take-up due to capillarity by proper chemical treatment • In a normal polyester yarn, water (containing dirt and fungus) can be taken up by capillary action. • When this phenomenon occurs, it will lead to dark marks over the tent structure, which cannot be removed. • By a special treatment, the yarns are made “low wick”, meaning they are less prone to excessive dirt take-up and to microbial attack  Sioen’s TA -range is produced with special low wick treated yarns.

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 8. Mechanical values:  Membranes have to meet the specifications of the respective TA types (types I, II, III,….)  Fabric has to possess sufficient elongation capability (both in wrap and weft) for easy processing  Reproducible biaxial behaviour: simulation of tensioning (simultaneous dilatation in weft and warp) in order to determine the elongation of the fabric under the specific load (=> determination of the correct cutting pattern)

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 9. Light transmission: • Uniformity of optical transmission is of utmost importance • Coating formula, weight and pigmentation have to remain stable over the whole production 10. Fire resistance: • EN 13501-1 does NOT apply for tents and membranes • No European legislation applies. Each country has its own FR regulation. • Most important standards in Europe: • French NF P 92-503 (TA membranes have to classify as M2) • German DIN 4102-1 (TA membranes have to classify as B1) • Safety by self-opening

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 11. Anti-soiling topcoat chemistry: • Fluor chemistry is often applies for easy cleaning characteristics • Drawbacks of fluoropolymers:  Transmit UV light  Adhesion issues  Elasticity issues  Too much fluoropolymer => non weldable • Different lacquer systems:  Pure acrylic: good overall properties  Siofluo: (standard TA lacquer): small amount of fluopolymer for dirt repellent effect  Fluomax: high fluorinated binder system, with good long-term properties and still weldable  ECT: advanced graft copolymer technology for excellent easy cleaning and even anti-graffiti properties ; non weldable Sioen does not promote 100% fluorinated lacquer systems. These systems show excellent performance (dirt repellency) at first but may have disadvantageous effects upon ageing (i.e. adhesion)

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 12. Sioen TA qualities:

TEXTILE ARCHITECTURE 12. Sioen TA qualities: Standard: • T1107, T2107, T3107 and T4107: TA types I-IV with Siofluo lacquer Non standard: • T1108, T2108, T3108 and T4108: TA types I-IV with Fluomax lacquer • T1109, T2109, T3109 and T4109: TA types I-IV with ECT lacquer