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INTRODUCTION Biogas contains trace level concentrations of volatile - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 04, 2024 •161 likes •290 views

C. Pascual 1,2 , E. Arnaiz 1,2 , R. Muoz 1,2 , R. Lebrero 1,2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, Valladolid, Spain. 2 Institute of

  1. C. Pascual 1,2 , E. Arnaiz 1,2 , R. Muñoz 1,2 , R. Lebrero 1,2 1 Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Valladolid University, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, Valladolid, Spain. 2 Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain. 1

  2. INTRODUCTION ➢ Biogas contains trace level concentrations of volatile methyl siloxanes (VMS) SiO 2 crystalline deposit Decreased efficiency of the equipment • ▪ Corrosion ▪ Erosion Clogging of pipes ▪ • Increased maintenance costs ➢ Removal of VMS from biogas prior energy valorization is mandatory Siloxanes concentration in biogas = 20-400 mg m -3 Maximum concentration for biomethane injection in natural gas grid 10 mg m -3 2

  3. INTRODUCTION ➢ Conventional physical-chemical processes for siloxanes removal: High operating and investment cost • Physical-chemical processes RE (%) Disadvantages Adsorption 90-99 Regeneration/replacement of the adsorbent Cooling to avoid organic solvent emissions Absorption > 90 Corrosive nature of acid solutions Alkaline deposits (alkaline absorbent solutions) Cryogenic condensation > 90 Extreme operating temperatures (-25, -70 ºC) Membrane separation > 80 Compressors or vacuum pumps energy consumption ➢ Biological processes: • Low-cost Environmentally friendly • 3

  4. Biotrickling Filters (BTFs) Air Air Gas phase Non-aqueous Gas phase: phase Silicone oil Aqueous Aqueous Air Air phase phase + + VMS VMS Liquid Liquid recycling recycling Mineral medium Mineral medium + Non-aqueous phase Two-phase partitioning biotrickling filter (TP-BTF ) One-phase biotrickling filter (1P-BTF) 4

  5. BTFs: Experimental setup Gas flow: 33 mL min -1 • Gas outlet V = 2 L • GS EBRT = 1 h • • [VMS] ~ 650 mg m -3 Flowmeter Air 1 Liquid GS 7 recycling Mixing chamber 4 5 Syringe pump (siloxanes) 3 L2, L3, D4 and D5 1- BTF 2- Nutrient reservoir Compound Abbreviation Formulation 6 Hexamethyldisiloxane L2 C 6 H 18 OSi 2 3- Syringe pump 2 Octamethyltrisiloxane L3 C 8 H 24 O 2 Si 3 4- Rotameter Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane D4 C 8 H 24 O 4 Si 4 5- Mixing chamber Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane D5 C 10 H 30 O 5 Si 5 Nutrients reservoir 6- Peristaltic pump 7- Gas sampling port 5

  6. BTFs: Abiotic test Inlet concentration ( ● ) Outlet concentration ( ● ) PVC column (I) Packing material (II) Mineral medium (III) Mineral medium + silicone oil (IV) 6

  7. BTFs: Experimental conditions VMS Concentration (mg m -3 ) 1P-BTF Feed Stream Time curse (Days) S1 VMS loaded air stream 0 - 46 514.7 ± 125.6 S2 Clean air stream 47 - 76 - S3 VMS loaded air stream 77 - 124 719.3 ± 203.4 S4 VMS loaded air stream 125 -137 1287.9 ± 216.8 S5 VMS loaded air stream 138 - 160 650.9 ± 126.9 VMS Concentration (mg m -3 ) TP-BTF Feed Stream Time curse (Days) S1 VMS loaded air stream 0 - 21 624.0 ± 172.4 S2 Clean air stream 22 - 70 - S3 VMS loaded air stream 70 - 113 640.0 ± 198.0 7

  8. 1P-BTF: VMS concentration and RE VMS Concentration (mg m -3 ) S1 514.7 S2 - S3 719.3 S4 1287.9 S5 650.9 S1 (1P-BTF) S3: (1P-BTF) S4 (1P-BTF) S5: (1P-BTF) Inlet concentration ( ● ) Outlet concentration ( ● ) Day 81: System reinoculation ( ) 8

  9. TP-BTF: VMS concentration and RE VMS Concentration (mg m -3 ) S1 624.0 S2 - S3 640.0 S1 (TP-BTF) S3: (TP-BTF ) Inlet concentration ( ● ) Outlet concentration ( ● ) 9

  10. Total VMS removal - Comparative results 1P-BTF TP-BTF S2 S1 S3 S3 S4 S1 S2 S5 1400 2000 1200 Concentration (mg m -3 ) Concentración (mg m -3 ) 1500 1000 800 1000 Inlet total VMS concentration ( ● ) 600 Outlet total VMS concentration ( ● ) 400 500 Day 81: System reinoculation ( ) 200 0 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 50 100 150 Time (d) Time (d) 100 0.70 90 0.60 80 70 EC (g m -3 h -1 ) 0.50 60 RE (%) 0.40 50 1P-BTF (S1) 0.30 40 TP-BTF (S1) 30 0.20 20 0.10 10 0 0.00 L2 L3 D4 D5 Total VMS L2 L3 D4 D5 Total VMS 10

  11. Conclusions ➢ REs and ECs significantly higher in TP-BTF compared to 1P-BTF (~ 80 % higher) • VMS low solubility in aqueous phase • Reduced mass transfer ➢ The presence of an organic phase (silicon oil) is of key importance in VMS removal ➢ The highest REs were obtained for D4 and D5 (the compounds with highest molecular weight and lowest volatility) ➢ Future work: • Study of the microbial communities in siloxane removal TP-BTF • Metabolites analysis • Optimization of lab-scale BTF for siloxanes removal ▪ Lower EBRT ▪ VMS removal under anoxic conditions 11

  12. Contacto: Celia Pascual (celia.pascual@iq.uva.es) www.ips.uva.es http://gastreatment-microalgaeresearchgroup.blogspot.com/ Follow us in Twitter : @VOC_Odours Visit us in: Facebook : facebook.com/ VocOdoursGroup 12

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