In-Situ Test Measurement Techniques within Railway Track - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

In-Situ Test Measurement Techniques within Railway Track Structures Jerry G. Rose, PE Justin S. Anderson, EI Professor of Civil Engineering Project Engineer 261 OH Raymond Building HDR Engineering, Inc. University of Kentucky 9987 Carver Road Lexington, KY 40506-0281 Cincinnati, OH 45242 859/257-4278 513/984-7598 jrose@engr.uky.edu Justin.Anderson@hdrinc.com

Topics to be Discussed 1. Introduction 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement Techniques 3. Tekscan Measurement System 4. In-Situ Tests 5. Findings and Conclusions 6. Recommendations for Future Research 7. Acknowledgements

Introduction • Railroads need to be in a state of constant improvement. • Competition from trucking, airfreight, and others. • Reducing expenses on the costly infrastructure important. • Understanding the forces within the track structure is a critical first step.

Topics to be Discussed 1. Introduction 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement Techniques 3. Tekscan Measurement System 4. In-Situ Tests 5. Findings and Conclusions 6. Recommendations for Future Research 7. Acknowledgements

Pressure Cell • Geokon Model 3500-2 • 9 in. Diameter • Strain Gage • Snap-Master • Thermistor

Cell Placement on Asphalt

Cell Location at Richmond 4 3 2 1

Loaded Coal Train at Richmond P-Cell 819 Beneath Rail in Crib P-Cell 820 Beneath Rail and Tie 30 30 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars 25 25 Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) 20 20 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Time (s) Time (s) P-Cell 821 C/L Track in Crib P-Cell 822 C/L Track and Tie 30 30 25 25 Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) 20 20 15 15 2 6-Axle Locomotives 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars Initial 2 Cars 10 10 5 5 0 0 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Time (s) Time (s)

Loaded Auto Train at Richmond P-Cell 819 Beneath Rail in Crib P-Cell 820 Beneath Rail and Tie 30 30 1 6-Axle 1 4-Axle 1 6-Axle 1 4-Axle 25 25 Initial 2 Cars Loco Loco Loco Loco Initial 2 Cars Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (s) Time (s) P-Cell 821 C/L Track in Crib P-Cell 822 C/L Track and Tie 30 30 25 25 1 6-Axle 1 4-Axle 1 6-Axle 1 4-Axle Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) Loco Loco Loco Loco Initial 2 Cars Initial 2 Cars 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (s) Time (s)

Loaded Concrete Truck at Richmond P-Cell 820 Beneath Rail and Tie 8 7 6 Pressure (psi) 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Time (s)

Cell Location at Lackey Low Rail High Rail 2 1 3 4

Loaded Coal Train at Lackey P-Cell 510 Beneath High Rail and Tie P-Cell 511 Beneath High Rail and Tie 30 30 25 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars 25 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Time (s) Time (s) P-Cell 806 C/L Track and Tie P-Cell 207 Beneath Low Rail and Tie 30 30 25 25 Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) 20 20 2 6-Axle Locomotives 15 Initial 2 Cars 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Time (s) Time (s)

Empty Coal Train at Lackey P-Cell 510 Beneath High Rail and Tie P-Cell 511 Beneath High Rail and Tie 30 30 25 25 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars 20 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (s) Time (s) P-Cell 806 C/L Track and Tie P-Cell 207 Beneath Low Rail and Tie 30 30 25 25 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars Pressure (psi) Pressure (psi) 20 20 2 6-Axle Locomotives Initial 2 Cars 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (s) Time (s)

Flat Wheel on an Empty Coal Train at Lackey P-Cell 511 Beneath Rail and Tie 30 25 20 Pressure (psi) 2 6-Axle Locomotives 95 Empty Cars 15 10 5 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Time (s)

Loaded Coal Truck at Lackey P-Cell 510 Beneath High Rail and Tie 8 7 6 Pressure (psi) 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (s)

Loaded Coal Truck at Lackey P-Cell 510 Beneath High Rail and Tie 8 7 6 Pressure (psi) 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Time (s)

Loaded Coal Train at Conway 5 in. HMA Layer on Wood Tie Track 0.3 2 6-Axle Locos Initial 7 Cars 0.2 0.1 Deflection (in.) 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Time (s)

Loaded Coal Train at Brush Creek HMA Layer on Concrete Tie Track 0.3 0.2 2 6-Axle Locos Initial 6 Cars 0.1 Deflection (in) 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 Time (s)

Topics to be Discussed 1. Introduction 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement Techniques 3. Tekscan Measurement System 4. In-Situ Tests 5. Findings and Conclusions 6. Recommendations for Future Research 7. Acknowledgements

Tekscan Sensor Tekscan Sensor Tekscan Sensor Wooden Tie Ballast Geokon Pressure Geokon Pressure Cell Cell Subballast/HMA Pressure Cell Geokon Pressure Cell Subgrade

• Matrix-based sensor ≈ 0.1 mm thick • Semi-conductive pressure sensitive ink • Connected to lead wires • Results in pressure distribution (inversely proportional to resistivity). • 8-bit system (0-255 raw sum) Source: http://www.tekscan.com/technology.html

Source: http://www.tekscan.com/technology.html

Topics to be Discussed 1. Introduction 2. Previous Pressure/Deflection Measurement Techniques 3. Tekscan Measurement System 4. In-Situ Tests 5. Findings and Conclusions 6. Recommendations for Future Research 7. Acknowledgements

In-Track Test • Two subsequent tests • TTI Rail Yard Paris, KY: – Evaluate different types of tie plates – machined steel, polyurethane, and rubber – Measure distributing effects of the rail • Conway, KY – Evaluate higher speed trains – Additional test to support TTI findings – Test at the Tie Plate/ Tie Interface

Scale in PSI This represents a typical pressure distribution between a steel tie plate and the rail.

Scale in PSI This represents a typical pressure distribution between a machined steel tie plate and the rail with an included rubber bladder.

Scale in PSI This represents a typical pressure distribution between a polyurethane plastic tie plate and the rail.

Scale in PSI This represents a typical pressure distribution between a rubber tie plate and the rail.

TTI Railroad Locomotive Wheel Load Distribution At Rail Base / Tie Plate Interface August 1, 2003 Poly Tie Plate

5 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 2316 lbf, P = 48 psi

4 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 4149 lbf, P = 86 psi

3 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 7501 lbf, P = 156 psi

2 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 12915 lbf, P = 269 psi

1 Tie Before the Lead Wheel F = 17626 lbf, P = 367 psi

Lead Wheel Over Sensor F = 20985 lbf, P = 437 psi

1 Tie After the Lead Wheel F = 19623 lbf, P = 410 psi

2 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 18007 lbf, P = 375 psi

3 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 17782 lbf, P = 370 psi

4 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 18131 lbf, P = 378 psi

5 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 13139 lbf, P = 275 psi

500 450 Positioning of Lead Wheel Average Pressure (psi) 400 350 with Respect to Sensor 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Directly Above Sensor 1 Ties Past Sensor 2 Ties Past Sensor 3 Ties Past Sensor 4 Ties Past Sensor 5 Ties Past Sensor 5 Ties Before Sensor 4 Ties Before Sensor 3 Ties Before Sensor 2 Ties Before Sensor 1 Tie Before Sensor Lead Wheel Position Snapshot of the Lead Wheel Lead Wheel Over Directly above the Sensor Sensor F = 20985 lbf, P = 437 psi

CSXT Locomotive at Conway Wheel Load Distribution At Rail Base / Tie Plate Interface August 7, 2003 Poly Tie Plate

5 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 4828 lbf, P = 100 psi

4 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 5870 lbf, P = 122 psi

3 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 9940 lbf, P = 207 psi

2 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 14136 lbf, P = 295 psi

1 Ties Before the Lead Wheel F = 19171 lbf, P = 400 psi

Lead Wheel Over Sensor F = 25372 lbf, P = 529 psi

1 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 25446 lbf, P = 530 psi

2 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 25986 lbf, P = 541 psi

3 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 27002 lbf, P = 562 psi

4 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 27730 lbf, P = 578 psi

5 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 27159 lbf, P = 566 psi

6 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 26179 lbf, P = 545 psi

7 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 26725 lbf, P = 557 psi

8 Ties After the Lead Wheel F = 25313 lbf, P = 527 psi