Immunity to tumors Experimental evidence for tumor immunity Tumor - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 30, 2023 •347 likes •541 views

Immunity to tumors Experimental evidence for tumor immunity Tumor antigens - tumor-specific antigens (TSA): products of mutated genes, can be recognized by both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes - tumor-associated antigens (TAA): self proteins,

Immunity to tumors
Experimental evidence for tumor immunity
Tumor antigens - tumor-specific antigens (TSA): products of mutated genes, can be recognized by both CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes - tumor-associated antigens (TAA): self proteins, normally expressed at undetectable levels, overexpressed in tumors - oncofetal antigens, normally expressed during fetal life (e.g. CEA, AFP) - viral proteins from oncogenic viruses - overexpressed glycolipids (e.g. GM2, GD3)
Types of tumor antigens recognized by T cells
Identification of tumor antigens
Identification of tumor antigens
Cells involved in anti-tumor responses Innate immunity - NK cells (low MHC, NKG2D → MICA, CD16, IL-2, IL-12 → LAK) - macrophages (IFN γ → TNF) Adoptive immunity - CTL (cross-priming)
Induction of tumor-specific CTLs
Tumor escape
Tumor escape
Tumor escape, tumor editing - tumor antigens can induce tolerance (absence of co-stimulation) - production of TGF β → activation of Treg → IL-10, suppression - antigen loss → no recognition - MHC loss → no recognition - FasL expression → killing of attacking CTL - blockade of the apoptotic machinery
Tumor antigens as vaccines
Tumor antigens as vaccines
Tumor cells as vaccines and immunostimulators
Cytokine-transfected tumor cells as immunotherapy
Systemic anti-tumor cytokine therapy
FDA-approved anti-tumor mAbs for therapy
Adoptive cellular therapy LAK (lymphokine-activated killers) LAK

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