Asian Symposium on Disaster Impact and Assessment IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF DISASTER RISK OF FLASH FLOOD IN JEMBER REGENCY - EAST JAVA, INDONESIA Adhitya Wardhono, M. Rondhi, Januar Fery Irawan, Bhim Prakoso, Kabul Santoso 25-27 th August 2010, Hue City-Vietnam DISASTER RESEARCH CENTER, JEMBER UNIVERSITY, INDONESIA
Content 1. Motivation 2. Objectives 3. Methodology 4. Analysis Results and Discussion 5. Clonclusion 6. Recomendation
Map of Research
MOTIVATION Flood disasters frequently occur throughout all regions of Indonesia including Regencies of Jember. In Jember, the floods occurred two times; at the beginnings of 2006 and 2009. � The year 2006 the worst-affected floods was District of Panti. � The year 2009, flood disasters occurred in the Districts of Silo. This disaster resulted in damages to homes, fields and both material and immaterial losses . � 57 people died, 15 people were missing, tens people were injured, 1900 people were evacuated, 300 people had not been evacuated, 36 houses were swept away, 2400 houses were damaged, six bridges were broken, 140 hectares of rice field were damaged
Disaster Picture
Disaster Picture
OBJECTIVES 1. To obtain a description of physical conditions of flood prone areas in Jember Regency 2. To determine the level of hazard risk of flash floods 3. To describe the vulnerability of communities in flood-prone areas 4. To determine the risk level of disaster of vulnerability of communities in flood-prone areas 5. To describe the capacity of communities in disaster- prone areas 6. To determine the risk description of capacity of communities in disaster-prone areas
METHODOLOGY The research objects: � Surrounding Community at Gumitir and Argopuro mountains. � the communities that exist at the surroundings of the mountains, the Districts of Panti and Silo. � Samples were taken 'in a balance' with a total of 100 samples. � The number of samples was divided for each region and population.
RESEARCH AREA METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY The data used in research were: 1. Primary data were collected in two ways; - observing the field: measuring the hazard - distributing questionnaires: measuring vulnerability and capability. 2. Secondary data : obtained from various offices associated with the disaster that taken from the village office, the Central Bureau of Statistics and others.
METHODOLOGY There are three main elements in this qualitative research. 1. The data, which could be derived from observations an interviews. 2. Interpretation and analysis procedures. 3. written and oral reports (Strauss and Corbin, 2003:7). There risk measured by: AxK R = m R = Risk of Disaster; A = threat; K = vulnerability; m = ability (ISDR, 2004)
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Physical Condition The Geology of Jember Regency consists of Young Volcano sediment (sandstone ) which has good properties to flow the water
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Physical Condition of Panti District … The slope over 15 percent (30 degree) makes the watershed of District of Panti vulnerable to soil movement potential.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Physical Condition of Silo District … The slope over 15 percent (30 degree) makes the watershed of Silo District vulnerable to soil movement potential.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2. Social Condition In Silo, whose altruistic spirit remained high both before and after the disaster. Unlike Silo, Panti made the spirit of mutual help among residents (altruism) of Panti community that was originally fair become high.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2. Social Condition …
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3. Instutional Arrangement In Silo, There was no structured mechanism in running the early warning system. Everything was spontaneous and modest. While, Panti Community described their early warning system was structured mechanism.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3. Instutional Arrangement …. The majority of officers and the community in Silo stated that the Executing Unit for Disaster Management has none of the six functions This is contrary to Panti residents and officials where that the Executing Unit for Disaster Management in their region already had run the six functions.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3. Instutional Arrangement…. Communities and Local Government awareness about flash floods can be seen from the things done, starting from the normal condition, the condition of pre-flash flood occurrence to the condition of early warning and evacuation.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3. Instutional Arrangement…. The performance of government preparedness in facing disaster. It was only Panti that had had the map of disaster-prone. Even though Silo had maps of disaster-prone, but the condition was still not perfect.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4. Economic Condition … Both in Silo and in Panti, most respondents were with lower education (primary school graduation).
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4. Economic Condition …. The majority of respondents were self-employed and farmers with their respective percentages of 32% and 28%, either as owning farmers, working farmers or the combination of both (owners and workers).
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4. Economic Condition… Majority of respondents in Silo and Panti did not have second jobs exactly (75%)and (73%).
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4. Economic Condition… In Panti the average income of people in disaster areas was IDR 415,000, while in Silo was IDR 395,000 per month.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5. Flash Flood Hazard in Jember Regency Flood disasters in the Districts of Silo and Panti were caused by natural dams clogged by sediment from landslides and erosion in upstream areas. In Panti area, debris materials were boulder-sized while those in Silo area were mud and remnant materials of logging which were more than boulder-sized materials. The potential amount of sediment or potential source of sediment in the area of Panti and Silo was materials derived from volcanically sedimentary deposits and the effect of slope and rain.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 6. Vulnerability and Capacity Based on the physical, social, institutional and economic conditions of communities in the disaster area, the following vulnerability matrix can be made.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7. Disaster Risk Based on the conditions of threats and capacities, the risk of disaster in Jember regency is highly susceptible to floods disaster because of physical condition While the economy that is quite low less supports the disaster mitigation. However, with the social conditions that can be relied upon to cope with the flood disaster, a set of rules in institutional arrangement can be made in the disaster-affected areas for disaster anticipation and post-disaster mitigation.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 8. Rule of Anticipation and Post-Disaster Mitigation Disaster management will run effectively and efficiently if there is cooperation between government, private and public, especially in the surroundings of disasters-prone areas (Silo and Panti). Local Government of Jember needs to prepare strategies related to empowerment and increase of participation of communities as well as nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) . It is very necessary because it will greatly assist local governments in protecting the public from the threat of disaster.
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 9. Strategy of Rule Set 1. Budget preparation is an effort to support all activities to be carried out in disaster anticipation; 2. Improving law enforcement for environment destructors by involving the public, private, and NGOs, 3. Implementing the revitalization and strengthening of institutional arrangement 4. Opening isolated or disaster-prone areas. 5. Improving coordination and inter-regional relationships 6. Carrying out systematic and coordinated dissemination and advocacy efforts to the public 7. Improving facilities and infrastructure by preparing and completing the equipment used at the time before the disaster and the aftermath of disasters 8. Improving environmental quality by providing awareness to the public in disaster prone areas
ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 10. Implementation Program of Rule Set The programs that can be implemented by Local Government are: 1. Optimizing mechanisms and institutional arrangement that have already existed (Executing Unit Coordinators, Executing Units, NGOs and Indonesian Red Cross); 2. Opening ourselves to working together with various non-governmental actors; 3. Forming a multi-stakeholder forum to review and propose policy as well as a means of coordination; 4. Developing preparedness and resilience of rural communities as a priority, and local government is supportive; 5. Strengthening inter-village communication network and making it a routine mechanism.
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