Hybridization of Existing Wind/Solar PV Plants Mr. Ajit Pandit Director, Idam Infrastructure Advisory Pvt. Ltd. (22 nd September, 2016) 1
Agenda • Need for development of Wind-Solar Hybrids • Development of framework for Wind-Solar Hybrids • Key challenges and potential intervention measures • Implementation strategy • MNRE Draft RE Hybrid Policy: Key Suggestions • Way Forward 2
Need for Development of Wind-Solar Hybrids Improved Land Usage Shared Evacuation Infrastructure - Combined land requirement for wind and solar to be lower - Optimal planning and better utilization of upstream evacuation facilities than norm of 2.5 Ha/MW - Excess gen. capacity of ~ 30 to 40 percent at Pooling S/S - ROW optimization - - Wind and Solar Generation - Benefits of shared operations and to complement with improved profile - Shared infrastructure - Better management of variability (roads, manpower, security, metering) Shared Operations Consistent Power Generation 3
Design considerations for Shared Evacuation Infra. Evacuation Planning Criteria • MNRE Draft Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy, (June 2016) The hybrid power injected into the grid will not be more than the transmission capacity/grid • connectivity allowed/sanctioned for existing wind/solar project . This will ensure that no augmentation of transmission capacity is required. ( ref. MNRE draft Hybrid Policy Clause 5.2 (i) ) • CEA (Technical Standards for Construction of Electrical Plants and Electric Lines) Regulations, 2010, outline conditions for design of Substation Capacity and Transmission Lines Sub-station Capacity (MVA) Sr. No. Voltage (kV) Line Loading Capacity (MW) as per CEA Technical Standards 1 400 450 1500 MVA 2 220 250 500 MVA 3 132 90 150 MVA 4 66 27 75 MVA 4
CEA Transmission Planning Manual for Wind/Solar Ampacity based Line Loading and Capacity of Substations CEA’s Transmission Planning Criteria (Manual, 2013) • CEA has published Manual for Transmission Planning Criteria, 2013 which outlines special dispensation and additional criteria for Wind and Solar Projects. • The capacity factor for the purpose of maximum injection to plan the evacuation system, both for immediate connectivity with the ISTS/Intra-STS and for onward transmission requirement, may be taken as under: • The ‘N -1 ’ criteria may not be applied to the immediate connectivity of wind/solar farms with the ISTS/Intra-STS grid i.e. the line connecting the farm to the grid and the step-up transformers at the grid station. • As the generation of energy at a wind farm is possible only with the prevalence of wind, the thermal line loading limit of the lines connecting the wind machine(s)/farm to the nearest grid point may be assessed considering 12 km/hour wind speed. Additional Wind & Solar Generation capacity at Existing Grid S/S can be absorbed without significant augmentation requirement. 5
PACE-D Technical Assistance Program: Development of Framework for Wind Solar Hybrids • India is bestowed with vast renewable (wind-solar) potential. • No utility scale hybrid project (wind-solar) has been implemented across the country. • Comprehensive Study for Development of Suitable Framework for promotion of hybrid projects was necessary. • Study initiated by PACE-D TA Program to comprehensively cover technical, commercial and regulatory aspects of wind-solar hybrid development in Karnataka & Rajasthan : • Identifying challenges for deployment of RE hybrids in the states. • Formulating suitable regulatory intervention measures and policy framework necessary to address the challenges. • Enabling framework for existing wind/solar power developers in the states to explore options for the development of Brownfield and Greenfield RE hybrid projects in the states. 6
Solar and Wind Resource: Potential Mapping for Karnataka Total No. of Substations 64 Solar Radiation (kWh/m 2 /day) in Karnataka Total No. of Substations 1,401 (Bagalkot) Below 5.0 (Karnataka) 220 kV 3 5.01-5.10 5.11-5.20 110 kV 36 5.21-5.30 33 kV 25 5.31-5.40 5.41-5.50 Above 5.50 Total No. of Substations 124 (Belgaum) 220 kV 7 110 kV 53 33 kV 64 Total No. of Substations 22 Total No. of Substations 42 (Gadag) (Chitradurga) 220 kV 1 220 kV 3 110 kV 14 110 kV 39 33 kV 7 Mapping of Solar and Wind Resource Potential Suggests Ideal Location for Wind-Solar RE Hybrids: Chitradurga, Bagalkot, Gadag and Belgaum 7 7
Solar and Wind Resource: Potential Mapping for Rajasthan Mapping of Solar and Wind Resource Potential Suggests Ideal Location for Wind-Solar RE Hybrids: Jaiselmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner 8
Simulation of Energy Mix: Wind-Solar Generation Sample Data for Extrapolation for Wind Power Project: Wind Generation 100 MW Wind Power • 3 Days for 3 Months Profiling Project • June to August • Time-Blocks Simulation of Wind- Solar Generation at Pooling S/S Sample Data for Solar Power Project: Solar Generation • 3 Days for 3 Months Boundary Conditions: Profiling (Same Sample Days) Extrapolation for Solar Power • Evacuation Capacity • June to August Plant Capacities • Minimizing Generation • Time Blocks (20/30/35/40/45 MW) Curtailment 9
Simulation Results: Wind-Solar Generation Scenario Utilization of PE system up to 30 to 40 percent of existing wind capacity is possible without constraint. 10
Avoided Cost of Evacuation Infra structure Estimated Benefit for the Utilities No. of districts with No. of districts with Chitradurga, Bagalkot, Gadag Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur and predominant RE-hybrid predominant RE hybrid and Belgaum potential in Karnataka Bikaner potential in Rajasthan Chitradurga 726 MW Installed capacity of wind Total 3,355 MW Bagalkot ~ 50 MW farms in all Districts Installed capacity of wind Gadag 716 MW farms in each such districts Considering 30 percent of Belgaum 317 MW solar capacity that could be 30 percent of 3,355 MW = ~ 1,000 MW added to these wind farms (considering additional 30 percent of Total 1,809 MW without power evacuation existing wind installed capacity) Solar capacity that could be infrastructure augmentation 30 percent of 1,800 MW = 540 MW added to existing wind farms (considering additional 30 percent of without PE infrastructure Avoided cost for Rajasthan existing wind installed capacity) augmentation utility for setting up of INR 1,000 Crore to INR 1,200 Crore evacuation infrastructure of Avoided cost for KPTCL for (Considering expected per MW cost of 1,000 MW (including setting up of evacuation INR 540 Crore to INR 650 Crore INR 1 Cr to INR 1.2 Cr for PE infrastructure of 540 MW (Considering expected per MW cost of transmission s/s and line infrastructure) (including transmission INR 1 Cr to INR 1.2 Cr for PE cost for 400 kV or 220 kV substation and line cost for infrastructure) level) 400 kV or 220 kV level) 11
Key Challenges in Wind-Solar Hybrids Technical Challenges Commercial Challenges • Need for Flexibility of Off-take arrangements • Interconnection Point & Metering Point • Multiple generators/owners with sale options • Different practices for wind & solar being (TPS/Captive/Sale to DISCOM/inter-state) followed in the state. needs to be enabled . • Clear demarcation of roles (STU/Developer) • Tariff Treatment • Transmission and Evacuation Arrangement • Generic hybrid RE Tariff is not necessary. • Planning Codes/Standards to recognize • Composition of share of W:S for hybrid would depend upon site specific aspects. benefits of hybrid operations (30 to 40%) • Metering and Energy Accounting • Treatment Under RPO • Need for modification of procedures for • Need to separately track Solar/Non-Solar Joint Meter Reading and Loss RPO apportionment • Clarity on Extending Fiscal/Financial Benefits • Forecasting and Scheduling Regime under Wind Policy, Solar Policy and • Rules for F&S and deviation settlement for Investment Schemes to Hybrid RE wind and solar to aligned for hybrid • Eligible Hybrid RE project(s)/Capacity, share options. of W:S 12
Technical Aspects: Interconnection & Metering Point...1/2 Proposed Existing Metering Metering point for RE point Hybrid 0 Feeders WTG Feeders SG Description Level of Metering 0 Individual WTG/SG level 0 1 & 2 33 kV feeder level Proposed Solar SG SG SG SG 3 EHV side of pooling S/S at site installation (SG+ feeder+feeder bay) 4 Grid S/S of KPTCL • Clear demarcation of solar generation and wind power generation is important from the perspective of energy accounting, scheduling requirement and RPO compliance. • Rules for interconnection, metering arrangement for RE hybrids need to address these requirements. 13
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