HOMESTEAD FOOD PRODUCTION: A MULTI- SECTORAL INTERVENTION TO ADDRESS MALNUTRITION 20 January, 2015
Framework for actions to achieve optimum fetal and child nutrition and development* *2014 Black Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low ‐ income and middle ‐ income countries
Nutrition ‐ sensitive Interventions and Programs* Interventions or programs that address the underlying determinants of fetal and child nutrition and development (food, care, health) and incorporate specific nutrition goals and actions. Nutrition‐sensitive programs can serve as delivery platforms for nutrition‐specific interventions, potentially increasing their scale, coverage and effectiveness. *2013 Lancet
Conceptual framework of the relationship between household food production strategies and health and nutrition outcomes Increased Increased household spending income on health Improved Improved utilization maternal of vitamins and child Increased Nutrient and Gender ‐ health spending minerals ‐ rich outcomes sensitive on agriculture foods nutritious training sold foods Improved Nutrient ‐ Increased Increased Improved Participation intake of consumption production rich foods maternal in household macro ‐ and Agricultural of nutrient ‐ of consumed and child food micro ‐ inputs rich foods by nutrients by production nutritional nutrient ‐ by women and interventions women and status rich foods household children children Nutrition education 2012 Webb ‐ Girard: The effects of household food production strategies on the health and nutrition outcomes of women and young children.
Characteristics of HKI’s HFP program model Utilizes existing community structures and systems to establish Demonstration Farms (DFs) who received agriculture support and nutrition education; Integrates home gardening with small animal husbandry, poultry/fowl production and fish farming; Promotes year round access of indigenous micronutrient ‐ rich crops and animal source foods, many of which are already being produced by households; and Improves on local farming practices to extent possible.
Program Model Cascade HKI Demonstration Farm Local Members Gov’t NGOs Head Comm Others Leaders
Intervention inputs: • Input support: seeds, seedlings and saplings, poultry (local breeds) or/and support for poultry sheds, poultry vaccines, fish cultivars, horticultural inputs, animal fodder, and gardening tools like water cane and pipes • Training in Essential Agriculture Techniques including animal husbandry at different levels – extension agents from NGOs, community health volunteers, village and subdistrict government • Training in Essential Nutrition Actions and behavior change at different levels – health staff from NGOs and government offices, health volunteers, and targeted women • Establish of links for marketing & resource access • Important : Input support shouldn’t be 100% free of cost
Agriculture Training Agriculture • Year‐round vegetable and fruit production; • Seed, seedling and sapling production; • Integrated pest management; • Organic fertilizer and pesticides; and • Small scale irrigation
Nutrition Training Nutrition • The Importance of Dietary Diversity; • Undernutrition and its Causes; • The Importance of Micronutrients; • Hygiene Practices; and • Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices.
Animal Husbandry Training • Chicken Rearing; • Chicken Coop Construction; • Chicken feeding; • Chicken vaccination; and • Catfish rearing.
Nutrition Education • Based on formative research; • Nutrition training provided to health workers, kaders, agriculture and animal husbandry extension workers, and religious leaders; • Uses IEC materials such as food cards, health practice game boards, and a recipe book; • Cooking demonstrations; and • Nutrition education during religious meetings.
An independent evaluation showed that the HFP is sustainable*: • Households continue with their garden activities once the program support has ended; • Income earned from selling garden produce was even higher than during project participation; • Consumption patterns were still more diverse in comparison with a control group; and *Source: Bushamuka, V. N. et. al. FNB 2005
Target Phase 1 (2012) Phase 2 (2013 ‐ Total 2015) Households (HH) 1,601 2,400 4,001 Demonstration 80 120 200 Farms (DF) Current exposure 21 months (Feb 13‐ 10 months (Mar‐ time Dec 14) Dec 14) Planned exposure 31 months (Feb 13‐ 18 months (Mar time Sept 15) 14‐Sept 15) Villages 74 Sub‐districts 17
HKI’s Project Goals • Improve the food security and nutrition conditions among vulnerable households in Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) district, East Tenggara Timur (NTT) Province in eastern Indonesia. • Promote and facilitate improved household food security and nutrition through Homestead Food Production (HFP). • Improve the capacity of households to produce year ‐ round micronutrient rich foods (fruits, vegetables, small animals (e.g. chickens, eggs) for their own consumption. • Improve the nutritional practices and behaviours of those households.
Change in Food Consumption Scores from baseline after 18 months of implementation 100% 90% 80% 70% 2012 (Dec) 60% 2013 (Sep) 50% 2014 (Jan) 40% 2014 (Jul) 30% 20% 10% 0% Poor Borderline Acceptable Source: 2012 Baseline survey, 3 rounds of LQAS survey
Comparison between the Ministry of Agriculture’s Sustainable Food Reserve Garden Model (Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari/KRPL) and HKI’s Homestead Food Production Model Component Ministry of HKI Agriculture Improving food security through Yes Yes utilization of the home garden Increasing food diversity Yes Yes Demonstration farms as a source of Yes Yes inputs Group approach Yes, with 20 HHs Yes, with 20 HHs per village per DF Training Yes Yes Focus Income Generation Nutrition and Income Generation
“Life has to be changed!” “HKI [Helen Keller International], through its Homestead Food Production program in our village, has improved my family’s life because we now plant organic vegetables and raise poultry as well as catfish in our yard. Production of those vegetables, chicken and catfish is so good that I can sell some to the market and it has improved our economic condition while fulfilling the basic needs of my family…. I am sure the result of this activity will help me to provide enough money to pay for my children’s school fees. I really hope that the government will continue supporting this activity,”
In Summary • Vulnerable households can: • diversify their diet by increasing consumption of micronutrient ‐ rich foods, including poultry and fish • generate income, also to be spent on foods • HFP has the potential to reduce micronutrient deficiencies; • Considering its multiple benefits, HFP is an option to improve household food security, nutrition and livelihoods and contribute to achieving the MDGs.
THANK YOU. “ Alone we can do so little; together pgupta@hki.org we can do so much. ” ‐ Helen Keller
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