Goals Effective You will be able to: Explain to others why JHAs - PDF document

Conducting An Goals Effective • You will be able to: – Explain to others why JHA’s are important – Recognize how the JHA can be a valuable planning, production, and safety tool. An introduction to the “Five – Know the five-step process and complete a JHA Step Process” of Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis Why a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) 5 steps to JHA • Injuries occur every • You can help prevent 1. Select jobs to analyze day in the workplace injuries by doing a 2. Involve the employee JHA • Sometimes injuries 3. Do the Job Hazard Analysis happen because • It will help you identify 4. Make changes / recommendations employees are not these “hidden” trained in the proper hazards and write safe 5. Write “Safe Operating Procedures” job procedure, or and efficient work because hazards are procedures. hidden in the job itself. Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis Form Teams JHA Key Terms • Elect a shop team leader • What’s a Job? • Select a representative from • What’s a Hazard? each group • Everyone is involved • What’s an exposure? Let’s get to work! • What is Analysis? Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis 1

Activity JSA Purpose • In some industries, workers in their first • Effective JHA’s help the employer year with their employer account for more recognize and control hazards and than 50% of claims. exposures in the workplace. How might the Why? employee’s perception of a “hazard” differ from ( list three possible explanations ) that of the employer or supervisor? Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis Activity Probability Why is a JHA more effective than • Probability is defined as: the chance that a given event will occur. walk-around inspections in reducing accidents in the workplace? Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis Probability Probability • We can determine the safety probability • We can determine the safety probability based on the following: based on the following: – The number of employees exposed; – Factors which require work under stress ; – The frequency and duration of exposure; – Lack of proper training and supervision or improper workplace design ; or – The proximity of employees to the danger zone; – Other factors which may significantly influence the degree of probability of an accident occurring. Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis 2

Probability Rating Severity • The degree of injury or • The probability rating is: – Low - If the factors considered indicate it illness which is would be unlikely that an accident could reasonably occur; predictable. – Medium - If the factors considered indicate it would be likely that an accident could occur; or – High - If the factors considered indicate it would be very likely that an accident could occur. Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis Severity Decision Making Matrix Severity • The severity is based on the following schedule: O ther Serious Than Physical – Other Than Serious - Conditions that could Serious H arm D eath cause injury or illness to employees but 1 2 3 Low would not include serious physical harm. Probability (first aid for example) 4 2 4 6 M edium – Serious Physical Harm - (example: all recordable injuries and illnesses) 3 6 9 H igh – Death Exam ple 1 Job Hazard Analysis Activity Activity • Picking Apples: Severity • There are 20 workers picking apples. Other Serious • The orchard is made up of 400 trees. Than Physical Serious Harm Death • The workers are paid based on how much each 1 2 3 Low one of them picks. Probability • Well-maintained equipment is provided but 2 4 6 Medium there is no training. The owner or the foreman 3 6 9 High will be in the general area most of the time. Example 1 Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis 3

JHA Step 1 JHA Step 1 • Step One - Watch the work • Step One - Watch the work being done being done Why is it important to involve the employee? What are some effective methods to watch the work being done? Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis JHA Step 2 JHA Step 3 • Step Two - Break the job down into • Step Three - Describe the hazards in steps each step of the task. Job Hazard Analysis Worksheet Step 1 JHA Number: _______________ Page ____ of ____ Job Description: ____________________________________________________________________ Step 1 ._____________________________________________________________________________ Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required One of the primary purposes of the JHA is _____________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 2 to make the job safer. _____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 2 ._____________________________________________________________________________ Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required _____________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 3 _____________________________________ ______________________________________ The information gathered in this step will _____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 3 ._____________________________________________________________________________ be valuable in helping to eliminate and/or Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required _____________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 4 reduce hazards associated with the job, _____________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________ Step 4 ._____________________________________________________________________________ and improve the system weaknesses that Hazard(s) Control Measure(s) Required _____________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________ produced them. _____________________________________ ______________________________________ _____________________________________ ______________________________________ Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis Identifying types of hazards Identifying types of hazards • Ergonomics: Eight risk factors • Acceleration: When we speed up or slow down too quickly – 1. High Frequency; – 2. High Duration; • Toxic: Toxic to skin and internal organs. – 3. High Force; • Radiation: Non-ionizing - burns, Ionizing – 4. Posture; - destroys tissue. – 5. Point of Operation; – 6. Mechanical Pressure; – 7. Vibration; – 8. Environmental Exposure. Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis 4

Identifying types of hazards Identifying types of hazards • Pressure: Increased pressure in hydraulic and • Biological: Primarily airborne and blood borne pneumatic systems. viruses. • Mechanical: Pinch points, sharp points and • Violence In The Workplace: Any violent act that edges, weight, rotating parts, stability, ejected occurs in the workplace and creates a hostile parts and materials, impact. work environment that affects employees’ physical or psychological well-being. • Flammability/Fire: In order for combustion to take place, the fuel and oxidizer must be present in gaseous form. Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis Identifying types of hazards Accident Types • Struck-by : • Explosives: Explosions result in large amounts of gas, heat, noise, light and over-pressure. – A person is forcefully struck by an object. The force of contact is provided by the object. • Electrical Contact: Inadequate insulation, • Struck-against : broken electrical lines or equipment, lightning strike, static discharge etc. – A person forcefully strikes an object. The person provides the force or energy. • Chemical Reactions: Chemical reactions can be • Contact-by : violent, can cause explosions, dispersion of materials and emission of heat. – Contact by a substance or material that, by its very nature, is harmful and causes injury. Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis Accident Types Accident Types • Contact-with: • Caught-between: – A person comes in contact with a harmful substance or material. The person initiates the – A person is crushed, pinched or otherwise caught contact. between a moving and a stationary object, or • Caught-on: between two moving objects. – A person or part of his/her clothing or equipment • Fall-to-surface: is caught on an object that is either moving or stationary. This may cause the person to lose – A person slips or trips and falls to the surface his/her balance and fall, be pulled into a he/she is standing or walking on. machine, or suffer some other harm. • Fall-to-below: • Caught-in: – A person or part of him/her is trapped, or – A person slips or trips and falls to a level below otherwise caught in an opening or enclosure. the one he/she was walking or standing on. Job Hazard Analysis Job Hazard Analysis 5