Georgios Bouloukakis In collaboration with: Valérie Issarny and Nikolaos Georgantas Enabling Emergent Mobile Systems in the IoT: functional and QoS interoperability at the middleware layer
Emergent mobile systems in the IoT Traffic Information Management (TIM) system: TIM system Heterogeneous Dynamic Emergent Mobile Systems in the IoT – Georgios Bouloukakis 2
IoT heterogeneity at multiple layers Application layer Application layer Middleware layer Middleware layer Transport Layer Transport Layer Network layer Network layer Data Link layer (MAC & LLC) Data Link layer (MAC & LLC) Physical layer Physical layer IP DPWS Emergent Mobile Systems in the IoT – Georgios Bouloukakis 3
Middleware protocols in the mobile IoT DPWS CoAP MQTT ZeroMQ WebSockets …. Client-server Pub/sub Streaming …. reliable/unreliable mobile connectivity …. Emergent Mobile Systems in the IoT – Georgios Bouloukakis 4
Heterogeneous interconnections in the mobile IoT Yannis vehicle-devices Providing common Providing common API abstractions API abstractions Bridging Relying on a middleware service bus Protocol Y Protocol X protocols Convergence to a Convergence to a single protocol single protocol evaluation of specific protocols and their interconnections formal analysis of coupling in distributed architectures performance evaluation in pub/sub systems How to enable interconnections in the mobile IoT ? What is the end-to-end QoS of the interconnection ? Emergent Mobile Systems in the IoT – Georgios Bouloukakis 5
Our solution vehicle-devices systematic solution to end-to-end interoperability performance analysis Protocol Protocol Y X “Enabling heterogeneous interactions in the mobile IoT calls for automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts as well as evaluation of the interoperability effectiveness in terms of end-to-end QoS ” Emergent Mobile Systems in the IoT – Georgios Bouloukakis 6
Platform for functional and QoS interoperability IoT application 1. Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts Functional VSB Artifacts semantics 2. Formal timed analysis Formal Timing semantics conditions 3. Performance evaluation Analytical models Statistical QoS semantics Analysis Simulated models Emergent Mobile Systems in the IoT – Georgios Bouloukakis 7
IoT application 1. Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts Functional VSB Artifacts semantics 2. Formal timed analysis 1 Formal Timing semantics conditions 3. Performance evaluation Analytical models Statistical QoS semantics Analysis Simulated models Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts – Georgios Bouloukakis 8
Models for core communication styles one-way Client – Service (CS) client server Tight Time & Space Coupling two-way sync or async one-way subscriber Publish-Subscribe (PS) publisher broker Time & Space Decoupling subscriber two-way stream Data Streaming (DS) consumer producer two-way stream Tight Time & Space Coupling one-way reader Tuple Space (TS) writer tspace Time & Space Decoupling taker two-way sync Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts – Georgios Bouloukakis 9
Generic Middleware (GM) connector model Our generic connector defines 4 basic interaction types: one-way each interaction is represented as combination of post and get primitives two-way async two-way sync post and get primitives abstract CS, PS, DS and TS primitives two-way stream We rely on the GM abstraction to introduce our middleware protocol interoperability solution Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts – Georgios Bouloukakis 10
Our middleware protocol interoperability solution eVolution Service Bus (VSB) 1 vehicle- Binding Component 1 Binding Component 2 mobile app device BC logic BC logic PUBLISH ACCEPT event data PS Protocol X DS Protocol Y bus protocol bus protocol Protocol X Protocol Y GM connector A GM connector B GM connector C BC architecture: relies on GM for automated BC synthesis Primitives & data conversion between the bus protocol and the Things’ protocols A universal way to describe the Things ’ I/O required 1 G. Bouloukakis et al., ICSOC, 2016 Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts – Georgios Bouloukakis 11
Automated BC synthesis Generic Interface Description Language (GIDL) & Generic BC Generic BC { "protocol": “Protocol Y”, Generic "operations": { BC logic "operation_1": { "type": "stream", BC "role": “consumer", synthesizer "scope": "location", GM API GM API "input_data" : " lon,lat" } } } GM connector X GM connector Y Concrete BC Concrete GM API BC logic << Protocol Pool >> GM for GM for Bus protocol Protocol Y Protocol X Protocol Y … Protocol Z Protocol Y Bus protocol Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts – Georgios Bouloukakis 12
VSB novelty vehicle estimation Binding Binding device service Component Component MQTT MQTT CoAP CoAP REST REST Lightweight bus Any bus protocol BCs employed only when necessary CoAP Support for any protocol classified under CS, PS, DS & TS Automated BC synthesis traffic light 75-96 % person-hours reduction when using VSB Evolution support QoS awareness Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts – Georgios Bouloukakis 13
IoT application 1. Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts Functional VSB Artifacts semantics 2. Formal timed analysis Formal Timing semantics conditions 2 3. Performance evaluation Analytical models Statistical QoS semantics Analysis Simulated models Formal timed analysis Formal timed analysis of interconnected mobile systems – Georgios Bouloukakis 14
Timing model for IoT interactions We introduce a unifying timing model for IoT interactions by relying on GM. GM one-way timing model: always connected connection/disconnection limited data lifetime Formal timed analysis of interconnected mobile systems – Georgios Bouloukakis 15
GM one-way timing analysis δ post δ get t post t ’ post time_on time_off time_on lifetime lifetime t get t get-return t ’ get GM sender automaton GM receiver automaton post ! get ! delta_post := 0 delta_get := 0 delta_post <= max_delta_post delta_get <= max_delta_get delta_get <= time_on get_on post_off post_on get_off delta_get <= time_on post_end ? get_end ! get_return ? delta_post := lifetime delta_get >= time_on Formal timed analysis of interconnected mobile systems – Georgios Bouloukakis 16
Glue automaton & Verification Sender and Receiver automata interact via the Glue automaton Safety ( A[] ϕ ) property verified using UPPAAL – necessary condition for failed interactions : A[] glue.trans_fail imply (sender.post_on and receiver.get_off and delta_post==lifetime and delta_get – time_on>=lifetime) t post time_on time_off lifetime lifetime t get Formal timed analysis of interconnected mobile systems – Georgios Bouloukakis 17
IoT application 1. Automated synthesis of interoperability artifacts Functional VSB Artifacts semantics 2. Formal timed analysis Formal Timing semantics conditions 3 3. Performance evaluation Analytical models Statistical QoS semantics Analysis Simulated models Performance evaluation Performance evaluation of interconnected mobile systems – Georgios Bouloukakis 18
IoT Interactions across Multiple Layers We enrich our timing model with more realistic constraints found across multiple layers in the IoT connection/disconnection always connected connection/disconnection limited data lifetime app processing delay APP finite capacity buffers finite capacity buffers reliable/unreliable protocols interop. processing delay MDW mdw processing delay finite capacity buffers transmission delay disconnections NET Performance evaluation of interconnected mobile systems – Georgios Bouloukakis 19
Base queueing models for mobile IoT interactions We model the end-to-end path of an IoT interaction by using a combination of different types of queueing models intermittent (ON/OFF) queue 1,2 continuous queue 𝜇 𝑝𝑣𝑢 𝜇 𝑗𝑜 𝜇 𝑝𝑣𝑢 𝜇 𝑗𝑜 𝜈 𝜈 T ON / T OFF Additional features: finite capacity queue messages exp. queue 𝜇 𝑝𝑣𝑢 𝜇 𝑗𝑜 𝜇 𝑝𝑣𝑢 𝜇 𝑗𝑜 𝜈 𝜈 lifetime valid message buffer dropped message expired message 1 G. Bouloukakis et al., ICC, 2017 2 G. Bouloukakis et al., ICPE, 2017 Performance evaluation of interconnected mobile systems – Georgios Bouloukakis 20
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