QoS in 5G: Enhancements for Connected Cars 5G V2X Communications Summer School King’s College London, UK Massimo Condoluci Ericsson Research 2018-06-12 Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Agenda Background on QoS — What is QoS? — 5G QoS framework QoS: V2X needs — V2X use cases — V2X features Trends in V2X QoS — Spatial QoS — Action-oriented QoS — Application-QoS adaptation Final remarks Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Agenda Background on QoS — What is QoS? — 5G QoS framework QoS: V2X needs — V2X use cases — V2X features Trends in V2X QoS — Spatial QoS — Action-oriented QoS — Application-QoS adaptation Final remarks Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
What is QoS? Quality of Service Improve end-user satisfaction (QoS) is the ability to — Provide desired diversify different requirements applications, based on application https://goo.gl/63LYDv features and Improve network requirements efficiency — Understand different types of traffic — Diversify traffic treatment Goals for QoS? https://goo.gl/KPdHXD Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G QoS Framework Classification & User Plane Marking PDR (Packet Detection Rule) User Plane Function (UPF) Application /Service Layer Packet routing & forwarding, Policy rule Data packets from applications enforcement, QoS handling QoS rules (mapping UL packets to QoS flows QFI (QoS Flow ID) and apply QoS flow marking) QoS Flow For IP PDU Session Type, the Packet Filter Set (all packets marked with shall support packet filtering based on at least the same QFI) any combination of: PDRs — Source/destination IP address or IPv6 Mapping QoS (classify packets for flows prefix QoS flow marking to AN and other actions) — Source / destination port number Resources — Protocol ID of the protocol above IP/Next AN Resources header type PDU Session — Type of Service (TOS) (IPv4) / Traffic class UPF UE (IPv6) and Mask AN — Flow Label (IPv6) — Security parameter index — Packet Filter direction Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G QoS Framework QoS Flow Parameters defining the QoS Flow Description GBR Non-GBR Flow Flow 5G QoS Identifier (5QI) A reference to 5G QoS characteristics ✓ ✓ Allocation and Retention Three aspects: ✓ ✓ • P riority level (1-15 – 1 highest) defines the relative importance of a resource request Priority (ARP) • Pre-emption capability defines whether a service data flow may get resources that were already assigned to another service data flow with a lower priority level • Pre-emption vulnerability defines whether a service data flow may lose the resources assigned to it in order to admit a service data flow with higher priority level Reflective QoS Attribute It indicates that certain traffic (not necessarily all) carried on this QoS Flow is subject to Reflective QoS ✓ ✓ The bit rate that is guaranteed to be provided by the network to a GBR and Delay Critical GBR QoS Guaranteed Flow Bit Rate ✓ Flow, over the Averaging Time Window (GFBR) UL/DL Maximum Flow Bit Rate The MFBR limits the bit rate that is expected by a GBR QoS Flow (e.g. excess traffic may get discarded ✓ or delayed by a rate shaping or policing function at the UE, RAN, UPF) (MFBR) UL/DL Notification Control It indicates whether notifications are requested from the RAN when the GFBR can no longer (or again) ✓ be fulfilled for a QoS Flow during the lifetime of the QoS Flow Maximum Packet Loss Rate The maximum rate for lost packets of the QoS flow that can be tolerated in the uplink and downlink ✓ direction UL/DL Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G QoS Framework 5QI (1/2) Parameters in the 5QI Description Delay GBR Non-GBR Critical GBR Resource Type GBR, delay critical GBR or Non-GBR ✓ ✓ ✓ Priority Level Used to differentiate between QoS Flows of the same UE, and it shall also be used to differentiate ✓ ✓ ✓ between QoS Flows from different UEs Packet Delay PDB defines an upper bound for the time that a packet may be delayed between the UE and the UPF (for GBR flows, the PDB shall be interpreted as a maximum delay with a confidence level of 98 Budget (PDB) percent if the QoS flow is not exceeding the GFBR) For a delay critical GBR QoS flows, a packet delayed more than PDB is counted as lost (it can be either ✓ ✓ ✓ delivered or discarded depending on implementation) if the transmitted data burst is less than Maximum Data Burst Volume within the period of PDB, the QoS flow is not exceeding the GFBR. For Non-GBR Flows, In uncongested scenarios, 98 percent of the packets should not experience a delay exceeding the 5QI's PDB. Packet Error The PER defines an upper bound for a rate of non-congestion related packet losses ✓ ✓ ✓ Rate (PER) Averaging Defined only for GBR QoS Flows, it represents the duration over which the GFBR and MFBR shall be ✓ ✓ calculated (e.g. (R)AN, UPF, UE). Window Maximum Data The largest amount of data that the 5G-AN is required to serve within a period of 5G-AN PDB ✓ Burst Volume Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G QoS Framework 5QI (2/2) 5QI Resource Default Packet Packet Default Default Example Services 5 Non-GBR 10 100 ms 10 -6 N/A N/A IMS Signalling Value Type Priority Delay Error Maximum Averaging NOTE 1 6 N/A N/A Video (Buffered Level Budget Rate Data Burst Window 60 300 ms 10 -6 Streaming) Volume TCP-based (e.g., www, e- (NOTE 2) mail, chat, ftp, p2p file sharing, progressive 10 Delay 11 5 ms 10 -5 160 B TBD Remote control video, etc.) Critical (see TS 22.261 [2]) 7 N/A N/A 11 GBR 12 10 ms 10 -5 320 B TBD Intelligent transport Voice, 70 100 ms 10 -3 Video (Live Streaming) NOTE 4 NOTE 5 systems Interactive Gaming 12 13 20 ms 10 -5 640 B TBD 8 N/A N/A 80 300 ms Video (Buffered 16 18 10 ms 10 -4 255 B TBD Discrete Automation Streaming) 10 -6 NOTE 4 TCP-based (e.g., www, e- 17 19 10 ms 10 -4 1358 B TBD Discrete Automation mail, chat, ftp, p2p file NOTE 4 NOTE 3 9 90 N/A N/A sharing, progressive 1 20 100 ms 10 -2 N/A TBD Conversational Voice video, etc.) GBR 69 5 60 ms 10 -6 N/A N/A Mission Critical delay 2 NOTE 1 40 150 ms 10 -3 N/A TBD Conversational Video sensitive signalling (e.g., (Live Streaming) MC-PTT signalling) 70 55 200 ms 10 -6 N/A N/A 3 30 50 ms 10 -3 N/A TBD Real Time Gaming, V2X Mission Critical Data (e.g. example services are the messages same as QCI 6/8/9) Electricity distribution – medium voltage, Process 79 65 50 ms 10 -2 N/A N/A V2X messages automation - monitoring 80 66 10 ms 10 -6 N/A N/A Low Latency eMBB 4 50 300 ms 10 -6 N/A TBD Non-Conversational applications Augmented Video (Buffered Reality Streaming) NOTE 1: a packet which is delayed more than PDB is not counted as lost, thus not included in the PER. 65 7 75 ms N/A TBD Mission Critical user 10 -2 plane Push To Talk voice NOTE 2: it is required that default Maximum Data Burst Volume is supported by a PLMN supporting the related (e.g., MCPTT) 5QIs. 66 100 ms N/A TBD Non-Mission-Critical 20 10 -2 user plane Push To Talk NOTE 3: This Maximum Burst Size value is intended to avoid IP fragmentation on an IPv6 based, IPSec voice protected, GTP tunnel to the 5G-AN node. 75 25 50 ms 10 -2 N/A TBD V2X messages E 18 10 ms 10 -4 255 B TBD Discrete Automation NOTE 4: A delay of 1 ms for the delay between a UPF terminating N6 and a 5G-AN should be subtracted from a NOTE 4 given PDB to derive the packet delay budget that applies to the radio interface. F 19 10 ms 10 -4 1358 B TBD Discrete Automation NOTE 4 NOTE 3 NOTE 5:The jitter for this service is assumed to be 20 msec as per TS 22.261 [2]. Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
5G QoS Framework Classification & User Plane Marking 5QI: — Resource Type QoS Flow: — Priority level — 5QI — PDB — ARP — PER Application /Service Layer — Reflective QoS — Averaging Window Data packets from applications — GFBR — Maximum Data QoS rules (mapping UL packets to QoS flows — MFBR Burst volume and apply QoS flow marking) QoS Flow — Notification Control (all packets marked with the same QFI) — Maximum Packet PDRs 3GPP introduced DASH-Aware Loss Rate Mapping QoS (classify packets for flows QoS flow marking Network Element (DANE) to to AN and other actions) Resources support Server and Network AN Resources PDU Session Assisted DASH (SAND) UPF UE AN Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Agenda Background on QoS — What is QoS? — 5G QoS framework QoS: V2X needs — V2X use cases — V2X features Trends in V2X QoS — Spatial QoS — Action-oriented QoS — Application-QoS adaptation Final remarks Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
V2X use cases HD/3D maps Map generation Changes compared to current map Maps have static and dynamic layers Updated Map map Sensing vehicles can transmit — Raw data (lidar images, etc.) — Object identification (type of object, position, size, etc.) Dynamic information should be delivered before the vehicle reaches the area of interest Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
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