FROM SAIL TO STEAM TO BITS AND BYTES John Cross School of Maritime - PDF document

12/9/19 FROM SAIL TO STEAM TO BITS AND BYTES John Cross School of Maritime Studies Marine Institute of Memorial University CISMaRT November 27 & 28 1 Centre for Marine Simulation (CMS) 2 1

12/9/19 Shipping Crew and Shipping Knowledge 3 Shipping Crew and Shipping Knowledge 4 2

12/9/19 What does a Mariner do? ENGINEERING - Roles and Requirements DECK - Roles and Requirements 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY SHIP VOYAGE SITUATIONAL SHORE TO SHIP DECK DEPARTMENT CAPABILITY OPERATIONAL SHIP VOYAGE SITUATIONAL SHORE TO SHIP ENGINEERING REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENT REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENT STATUS REQUIREMENTS ASSITANCE STAFF REQUIREMENT REQUIREMENTS STATUS REQUIREMENTS ASSITANCE DEPARTMENT STAFF S BRIDGE Propulsion and all Personnel PASSAGE PLANNING Personnel STANDARD CONDITION BASED Superintendent A DEPARTURE supporting ship Qualifications COLD SHIP TO PORT STANDARD CONDITION BASED Superintendent (APEM) Qualifications OPERATION MONITORING A CHECKS systems STANDBY OPERATION MONITORING (Marine) (Technical) BERTHING AND (PILOTAGE) Regulatory / MANOUVERING to PLANNED Regulatory / PORT STANDBY to B REPAIR PLANNING MASTER COLLISION Manning PLANNED COMMENCEMENT MAINTENANCE B Maintenance Manning COMMENCEMENT REPAIR PLANNING CHIEF ENGINEER AVIODANCE requirements MAINTENANCE OF PASSAGE AT requirements OF MANOUVERING SEA MANOUVERING to COMMENCEMENT Occupational OF PASSAGE AT SEA Occupational MANOUVERING to CONDITION FAILURE DIAGNOSIS MANOUVERING to CONDITION responsilities including MANUAL responsilities C COMMENCEMENT BASED FAILURE DIAGNOSIS 2nd ENGINEER C COMMENCEMENT BASED FAILURE DIAGNOSIS CHIEF OFFCIER defined by the BERTHING/SECURING defined by the OF PASSAGE AT SEA MAINTENANCE OF FULL -AWAY MAINTENANCE company ALONGSIDE AND company ACHORING PERFORMANCE COMMENCEMENT Survey ETO Electro Technical D AND EFFICIENCY OF PASSAGE-AT SEA DRY DOCK EXPERT ASSITANCE Requirements Officer COMMENCEMENT MONITORING (FULL-AWAY) LIFE SAVING Survey 2 ND MATE D OF PASSAGE-AT DRY DOCK EXPERT ASSITANCE APPLIANCES Requirements SEA (FULL-AWAY) REPAIR PROJECT EMERGENCY PROJECT 3rd Engineer/Motor E PLANNING REPAIR MANAGEMENT RESPONSE MANAGEMENT Man EMERGENCY PROJECT 3 RD MATE E CARGO HANDLING PLANNING RESPONSE MANAGEMENT COLLABORATIVE SAFE EVACUATIN ALONGSIDE / F 3rd ENGINEER/CADET SAFE EVACUATIN OF ALONGSIDE / DISCUSSION COLLABORATIVE OF PERSONNEL ANCHORED F 4 RD MATE PERSONNEL ANCHORED DISCUSSION PERFORMANCE AND PERFORMANCE AND AB/Bosun G ADMIN DRY DOCK EFFICIENCY MOTOR MAN G ADMIN DRY DOCK EFFICIENCY MONITORING MONITORING 5 What does a Mariner do? Roles and Tasks - LIKELIHOOD OF HUMAN RELIANCE PRESENT DAY TO 2040 OCCUPATIONAL MANUAL RESPONSIBILITIES SAFE DEFINED BY THE COLD SHIP TO MANOUVERING to COMMENCEMENT OF COMMENCEMENT PERFORMANCE CAPABILITY PERSONNEL CARGO SECURING STANDARD EMERGENCY PASSAGE PLANNING COLLSION CONDITION BASED PROJECT COLLABORATIVE SURVEY EXPERT COMPANY - PERSONEEL EVACUATIO OF VESSEL BERTHING ANCHORING PORT COMMENCEMENT OF PASSAGE-AT SEA OF PASSAGE-AT FAILURE DIAGNOSIS REPAIR PLANNING AND EFFICIENCY DRY DOCK N OF REQUIREMENT QUALIFICATIONS HANDING OR OPERTATION RESPONSE - APEM AVOIDANCE STANDBY PASSAGE AT SEA (FULL-AWAY SEA (FULL-AWAY MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION REQUIREMENTS MONITORING ASSITANCE SAFETY / CULTURE / PERSONNEL ETHICS / CODE OF ANCHORING CONDUCT PRESENT PORT SKILLS REQUIRED H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H DAY UNTIL APPROACHES FROM PRESENT SHIP CONTROL/ 2020 DAY FORCE MANAGEMENT M/A M/A/A PORT YEAR SKILLS REQUIRED H A H H M-A M-A M-A M-AI H M M M H H H H H H M/ L H H H APPROACHES FROM PRESNT DAY 2020 - 2025 SHIP CONTROL/ I FORCE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL SKILLS REQUIRED YEAR / COUNTRY BY H A H A H M/ L A AI L/AI L/AI L L L L A H M/ L/A M/L H H L/A M/ L M/ L H COUNTRY SHIP OF FUTURE WORK 2025 - 2030 CONTROL FORCE MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL SKILLS REQUIRED YEAR / COUNTRY BY H A H A AI AI A AI AI AI A A A A A H/A/AI L/A/AI L/A H H L/A L/A L/A H COUNTRY SHIP OF FUTURE WORK 2030 - 2040 CONTROL FORCE MANAGEMENT MASTER AND MARINE MASTER AND MASTER AND MASTER AND MARINE MASTER, MARINE MASTER, MARINE MASTER AND MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE REOL MASTER AND MARINE MASTER AND MARINE MARINE MARINE YEAR EXPERT MARINE MASTER / MASTER / AB/BOSUN MASTER MASTER ENGINEER/SY MARINE MARINE MARINE ENGINEER/SYS SHOREBASED ENGINEER, ENGINEER, SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTE ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS 2020 - 2025 ASSISTANCE TEMS PILOT PILOT STEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEM TEMS SYSTEMS ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER MS ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER S ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER MASTER AND MARINE MARINE MASTER, MARINE MASTER, MARINE MASTER AND MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE MARINE YEAR EXPERT REOL MARINE MASTER/SYSTEMS MASTER / REOL REOL REOL ENGINEER/SY ENGINEER/SYS SHOREBASED ENGINEER, ENGINEER, SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTE ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEMS ENGINEER/SYSTEM 2025 - 2030 ASSISTANCE ENGINEER PILOT STEMS TEMS SYSTEMS ENGINEER ENGINEER TEMS ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER MS ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER S ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER ENGINEER SYSTEMS YEAR REOL REOL REOL REOL REOL REOL REOL REOL REOL REOL SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS SYSTEMS ENGINEER SYSTEMS ENGINEER SYSTEMS ENGINEER SYSTEMS ENGINEER SYSTEMS ENGINEER SYSTEMS ENGINEER SYSTEMS ENGINEER SYSTEMS ENGINEER ENGINEER/ EXPERT SHOREBASED 2030 - 2040 ENGINEER ENGINEER ASSISTANCE ENGINEER ENGINEER Only for ships equipped with AI/Non Retrofit HUMAN RELIANCE v TECHNOLGY ADVANCE ELECTRO H CHIEF EXPERT HIGH RELIANCE ON OIL SUPERINTENDENT 2nd ENGINEER 3nd ENGINEER 4th ENGINEER MOTORMAN SURVEY TECHNICAL ENGINEER ASSITANCE HUMAN SKILLS OFFICER MARINE M MEDIUM RELIANCE WATER SUPERINTENDENT MASTER CHIEF OFFICER 2nd MATE 3rd MATE 4th MATE/CADEY AB/BOSUN SURVEY PILOT ON HUMAN SKILLS RESOURCE KEY REO AI A L SYSTEMS VIRTUAL CARGO LOW RELIANCE ON NEW ROLES L ENGINEER ASSIANT HANDLING HUMAN SKILLS ARTIFICIAL REACHING/REACHED A AUTOMATED DRY DOCK AUTOMATED INTELLIGENCE END OF LIFE AI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 6 3

12/9/19 When will a Mariner not do it? How will levels of autonomy affect future roles? Step 8 AL6 – Fully autonomous ship that has no Technological rate of change Future workforce Step 7 need for any human intervention 2030 – 2040 AL5 – Fully autonomous ship. There Present / Future workforce Step 6 is a means of human control 2025 – 2030 AL4 – Human-on-the-loop. Ship operates Step 5 Present / Future workforce autonomously with human supervision 2020 – 2025 AL3 – Active human-in-the-loop. Semi-autonomous Present/Future workforce Step 4 ship. Crew can intervene AL2 – off-ship decision support. Shore monitoring Present workforce Step 3 AL1 – on-ship decision support. Data will be available to crew Past workforce Step 2 Future workforce training timeline AL0 – no autonomous functions. All operations are manual verses Lloyds Register of Step 1 Autonomy 7 Looking at the Past Ø Presentation in 2018 looked at past incidents. Ø Used the Transportation Safety Board of Canada accident reports. • Non fishing accidents. Recent. • No weighting was given to how severe the accident was. • Ø Found 22 accident reports. • In 18 of those it was anticipated that an autonomous vessel would have been able to mitigate or eliminate the problem. In 4 cases an autonomous ship would have suffered at least as much • if not more than what occurred. 8 4

12/9/19 Looking at the Past Ø Somewhat surprising result was Mechanical issues 11 that the main benefit was in the Collisions 2 engine room. Groundings 8 Better standard maintenance. • Better predictive • Stability problems 3 maintenance. Loss life 2 Better operations. • Loss of environment 1 9 IMO Model Courses Ø Look at skill sets for an engineer. Ø Used IMO Model Courses as a reference. Ø Courses 7.02 and 7.04 Ø Identifies the skills / functions that an engineer should have. Ø Engineering Knowledge; Ø Thermodynamics; Ø Applied Mechanics; Ø Etc. 10 5

12/9/19 IMO Model Courses P R E S E N T A T I O N T I T L E - G O H E A D E R & F O O T E R T O E D I T T H I S T E X T 1 1 11 IMO Model Courses Ø Main conclusion was that the IMO model courses were not particularly useful in looking at autonomous systems. Blooms taxonomy is not useful for autonomous systems. • Ø Interesting take away was that if you look at a ship as a whole, only 40 % of the model course content was required to operate the ship. The rest: Allow an engineer to move from ship to ship to ship. • Allow an engineer to trouble shoot a complex system. • 12 6