From CPO to Cooking Oil Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - PDF document

Intro to Palm Oil Processing From CPO to Cooking Oil Introduction to Palm Oil Processing Purwiyatno Hariyadi, PhD hariyadi@seafast.org Professor of Food Process Engineering Department of Food Science and Technology And Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) center BOGOR AGRCIULTURAL UNIVERSITY BOGOR-INDONESIA Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 1

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Introduction Total crude palm oil and palm kernel oil production : 41.1 million metric tone Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 1. Proven –long history of- safe uses for human consumption 2. Wide range of potential applications (cooking oil, shortening, margarine and other) Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 2

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 2. Wide range of potential applications Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 3. Can be utilized as a good energy source source. 4. No cholesterol and no trans fats Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 3

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Trans fats Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Trans fats Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 4

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Trans fats Required 01/01/06 Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 5

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil RPO Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 6. Rich in natural carotenoids RBO Olein ~ 1000 Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 6

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 6. Rich in natural carotenoids Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 6. Rich in natural antioxidant (tocopherol and tocotrienol) ( p ) Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 7

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 8

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 6. Rich in natural antioxidant ( (tocopherol and tocotrienol) p ) • Decrease Tromboxan A-2 (TXA2) • Increase Prostaglandin I-2 (PGI2) • Decrease Cholesterol Decrease Cholesterol • Decrease LDL-Cholesterol Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 9

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 10

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 11

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 12

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 7. Balance composition of fatty acids 8. Contain linoleic as essential fatty acid % of total Fatty acids Fatty Acid Range Average 12:0 0.1-1.0 0.2 14:0 0.9-1.5 1.1 16:0 41.8-46.8 44.0 16:1 16:1 0 1 0 3 0.1-0.3 0.1 0 1 18:0 4.2-5.1 4.5 18:1 37.3-40.8 39.2 18:2 9,1-11.0 10.1 18:3 0.0-0.6 0.4 20:0 0.2-0.7 0.4 Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 13

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 9. Produce 2 kind of oils. 1. Palm Oil 2 2. Palm Kernel Oil Palm Kernel Oil Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 9. Produce 2 kind of oils. Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 14

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 9. Produce 2 kind of oils. Composition of PO Mesocarp . p p Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 9. Produce 2 kind of oils. Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 15

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 10. Researches show that palm oil has positive health effect. Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil 10. Researches show that palm oil has positive health effect. Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 16

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Palm Oil Processing Harvesting Flow Chart Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Palm Oil Processing Fruit Bunch Flow Chart Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 17

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Palm Oil Processing FFB Received At Mill Flow Chart Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Palm Oil Processing FFB Loaded Into Cages Ready for Sterilization Flow Chart Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 18

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 19

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations Sterilization • Placing sterilizer cages in horizontal vessels at steam pressure of 3 kg/cm 2 (143 o C); 60 minutes 2 (143 o C) 60 f 3 k / i t Enzyme inactivation � prevention of FFA increase • • Facilitation of mechanical stripping • Preparation of pericarp for sub-sequential processing • Preconditioning of the nuts to minimize kernel breakage Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations Stripping • Separation of sterilized fruits from the bunch stalks S ti f t ili d f it f th b h t lk • Drum type : • Vigorous shaking • Beating Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 20

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations Digestion • Reheating the sterilized fruits (mixing the fruits at 95- R h ti th t ili d f it ( i i th f it t 95 100 o C, 20 minutes. • To loosen the pericarp from the nuts • To break the oil cell before passing to oil extraction unit Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations Oil Extraction • Continuous screw pressing to produce : C ti i t d • Mixture of oil (~66%), water (~24%) and non-oily solid (~10%). • Press cake, containing fibers and nuts Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 21

Intro to Palm Oil Processing Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations Clarification • Dilution with water – to facilitate settling Dil ti ith t t f ilit t ttli • Screen – to remove fibrous material • Pump to settling tank – to obtain oil and sludge •“Top” oil is skimmed off � centrifuge � vacuum dryer � oil storage •Sludge (~ 10% oil) � reclaimed and fed back to main settling tank Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing - h i di@ f Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations Clarification Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 22